我正在尝试从HTML脚本中提取(似乎是)JSON数据。 HTML脚本在网站上如下所示:
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
var terms = new Verba.Compare.Collections.Terms([{"id":"6436","name":"SUMMER 16","inquiry":true,"ordering":true},{"id":"6517","name":"FALL 16","inquiry":true,"ordering":true}]);
var view = new Verba.Compare.Views.CourseSelector({el: "body", terms: terms});
});
</script>
我想提出以下内容:
[{"id":"6436","name":"SUMMER 16","inquiry":true,"ordering":true},{"id":"6517","name":"FALL 16","inquiry":true,"ordering":true}]
使用以下代码,我可以获得完整的脚本。
def parse(self, response):
print response.xpath('/html/body/script[2]').extract()
是否有一种简单的方法可以从该脚本中提取“id”,“name”等的值。或者,通过修改xpath有更直接的方法吗?我似乎无法使用firebug在xpath上更深入。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您可以使用js2xml。
为了说明,首先,让我们用您的示例HTML创建一个Scrapy选择器,并获取JavaScript语句:
>>> import scrapy
>>> sample = '''<script>
... $(document).ready(function(){
... var terms = new Verba.Compare.Collections.Terms([{"id":"6436","name":"SUMMER 16","inquiry":true,"ordering":true},{"id":"6517","name":"FALL 16","inquiry":true,"ordering":true}]);
... var view = new Verba.Compare.Views.CourseSelector({el: "body", terms: terms});
... });
... </script>'''
>>> selector = scrapy.Selector(text=sample, type='html')
>>> selector.xpath('//script//text()').extract_first()
u'\n $(document).ready(function(){\n var terms = new Verba.Compare.Collections.Terms([{"id":"6436","name":"SUMMER 16","inquiry":true,"ordering":true},{"id":"6517","name":"FALL 16","inquiry":true,"ordering":true}]);\n var view = new Verba.Compare.Views.CourseSelector({el: "body", terms: terms});\n });\n'
然后我们可以用js2xml解析JavaScript代码。你得到一个lxml树:
>>> import js2xml
>>> jssnippet = selector.xpath('//script//text()').extract_first()
>>> jstree = js2xml.parse(jssnippet)
>>> jstree
<Element program at 0x7fc7c6bae1b8>
树是什么样的?它非常冗长:
>>> print(js2xml.pretty_print(jstree))
<program>
<functioncall>
<function>
<dotaccessor>
<object>
<functioncall>
<function>
<identifier name="$"/>
</function>
<arguments>
<identifier name="document"/>
</arguments>
</functioncall>
</object>
<property>
<identifier name="ready"/>
</property>
</dotaccessor>
</function>
<arguments>
<funcexpr>
<identifier/>
<parameters/>
<body>
<var name="terms">
<new>
<dotaccessor>
<object>
<dotaccessor>
<object>
<dotaccessor>
<object>
<identifier name="Verba"/>
</object>
<property>
<identifier name="Compare"/>
</property>
</dotaccessor>
</object>
<property>
<identifier name="Collections"/>
</property>
</dotaccessor>
</object>
<property>
<identifier name="Terms"/>
</property>
</dotaccessor>
<arguments>
<array>
<object>
<property name="id">
<string>6436</string>
</property>
<property name="name">
<string>SUMMER 16</string>
</property>
<property name="inquiry">
<boolean>true</boolean>
</property>
<property name="ordering">
<boolean>true</boolean>
</property>
</object>
<object>
<property name="id">
<string>6517</string>
</property>
<property name="name">
<string>FALL 16</string>
</property>
<property name="inquiry">
<boolean>true</boolean>
</property>
<property name="ordering">
<boolean>true</boolean>
</property>
</object>
</array>
</arguments>
</new>
</var>
<var name="view">
<new>
<dotaccessor>
<object>
<dotaccessor>
<object>
<dotaccessor>
<object>
<identifier name="Verba"/>
</object>
<property>
<identifier name="Compare"/>
</property>
</dotaccessor>
</object>
<property>
<identifier name="Views"/>
</property>
</dotaccessor>
</object>
<property>
<identifier name="CourseSelector"/>
</property>
</dotaccessor>
<arguments>
<object>
<property name="el">
<string>body</string>
</property>
<property name="terms">
<identifier name="terms"/>
</property>
</object>
</arguments>
</new>
</var>
</body>
</funcexpr>
</arguments>
</functioncall>
</program>
您可以使用XPath技能指向JavaScript数组(您希望分配给new
的{{1}}构造的“点”访问器的第一个参数:
var terms
最后,既然您拥有>>> jstree.xpath('//var[@name="terms"]')
[<Element var at 0x7fc7c565e638>]
>>> jstree.xpath('//var[@name="terms"]/new/arguments/*')
[<Element array at 0x7fc7c565e5a8>]
>>> jstree.xpath('//var[@name="terms"]/new/arguments/*')[0]
<Element array at 0x7fc7c565e5a8>
元素,就可以将其传递给<array>
以获得一个可以使用的好的Python对象(js2xml.jsonlike.make_dict()
有点名字错误):
make_dict
注意:你也可以使用快捷方式>>> js2xml.jsonlike.make_dict(jstree.xpath('//var[@name="terms"]/new/arguments/*')[0])
[{'ordering': True, 'inquiry': True, 'id': '6436', 'name': 'SUMMER 16'}, {'ordering': True, 'inquiry': True, 'id': '6517', 'name': 'FALL 16'}]
>>>
来获取看起来像Python字典或列表的所有内容(你得到2个列表,你对第一个列表感兴趣):
js2xml.jsonlike.getall()
答案 1 :(得分:0)
我会使用正则表达式提取它,例如:
response.xpath('/html/body/script[2]').re_first('\((\[.*\])\)')
答案 2 :(得分:0)
chompjs提供了将JavaScript对象解析为字典的API。
例如,如果JavaScript代码包含var data = {field: "value", secondField: "second value"}
;您可以按以下方式提取该数据:
import chompjs
javascript = response.css('script::text').get()
data = chompjs.parse_js_object(javascript)
最终结果是
{'field': 'value', 'secondField': 'second value'}
一个
答案 3 :(得分:-1)
你不能“更深入”,因为该元素的内容只是文本。从JavaScript中读出JSON并不难:
line = javascript.strip().splitlines()[1]
the_json = line.split('(', 1)[1].split(')', 1)[0]