C /汇总子程序分段故障

时间:2016-07-16 22:11:24

标签: c assembly segmentation-fault gdb

一旦C主程序进入主函数,尝试运行GDB并继续获得分段错误。

GDB错误:

Breakpoint 1, main () at binom_main.c:7
7   n=10;
(gdb) s
10  0;
(gdb) s
12  +){
(gdb) s

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x00000000004005c4 in otherwise ()
(gdb)

我编译了这样的代码:

as binom.s -o binom.o
gcc -S -Og binom_main.c
gcc -c binom_main.s    
gcc binom_main.o binom.o -o runtimes

我试图在这里学习如何更有效地使用GDB,但像这样的段错误是非常模糊和限制的。为什么这个段错误是在函数开始的那一刻引起的?我是否错误地链接了这两个文件?

主要:

#include <stdio.h>

unsigned int result,m,n,i;
unsigned int binom(int,int);
int main(){

n=10;
i=0;


for (i=1; i<2;i++){

result = binom(n,i);

printf("i=%d | %d \n", i, result );

}

return 0;


}

子:

    .text
    .globl  binom

binom: 
    mov     $0x00, %edx     #for difference calculation
    cmp     %edi, %esi          #m=n?
    je      equalorzero         #jump to equalorzero for returning of value 1
    cmp     $0x00, %esi         #m=0?
    je      equalorzero     
    cmp     $0x01, %esi         #m=1?

    mov     %esi,%edx
    sub     %edi, %edx
    cmp     $0x01, %edx         # n-m = 1 ?
    je      oneoronedifference  

    jmp     otherwise

equalorzero:
    add     $1, %eax            #return 1

    call    printf  
    ret 

oneoronedifference:
    add     %edi, %eax          #return n
    ret

otherwise:
    sub     $1, %edi            #binom(n-1,m) 
    call    binom       
    sub     $1, %esi            #binom(n-1,m-1)
    call    binom
    ret

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

使用gdb调试asm时,请查看反汇编窗口以及源窗口。 (例如layout asm / layout reglayout next,直到获得所需的窗口组合。)请参阅标记wiki的底部以获取更多提示和a链接到文档。

你可以使用stepisi)来逐步说明,而不是通过C语句,同时调查你的asm之外的崩溃,因为它在返回之前会破坏某些内容。

这看起来像一个错误:

sub     $1, %edi            #binom(n-1,m) 
call    binom
# at this point, %edi no longer holds n-1, and %esi no longer holds m.
# because binom clobbers them.  (This is normal)

# as Jester points out, you also don't save the return value (%eax) from the first call anywhere.
sub     $1, %esi            #binom(n-1,m-1)
call    binom

另一个(次要?)错误是:

cmp     $0x01, %esi         #m=1?
# but then you never read the flags that cmp set

另一个严重错误:

equalorzero:
    add     $1, %eax            #return 1  # wrong: nothing before this set %eax to anything.
    # mov  $1, %eax             #  You probably want this instead
    ret