在XAML中实例化和重用对象的实例

时间:2010-10-01 14:59:59

标签: wpf xaml object objectdataprovider instances

我想在XAML中实例化对象,并重用这些实例。我认为它应该很简单但是我被卡住了,我可能会遗漏一些明显的东西。

假设我想将Cats添加到不同的房间(Room有一个包含Cat类型对象的ObservableCollection)。在UserControl.Resources中,我创建了ObjectDataProviders:

<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="Cat1" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Cat}">
    <ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
        <System:String>Tom</System:String>
    </ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
</ObjectDataProvider>
<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="Cat2" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Cat}">
    <ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
        <System:String>Garfield</System:String>
    </ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
</ObjectDataProvider>
<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="Cat3" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Cat}">
    <ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
        <System:String>Furball</System:String>
    </ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
</ObjectDataProvider>

在我的UserControl中,我想将Cats添加到Rooms:

<local:Room x:Name="Room1">
    <local:Room.Cats>

    </local:Room.Cats>
<local:Room>
<local:Room x:Name="Room2">
    <local:Room.Cats>

    </local:Room.Cats>
<local:Room>

将Cat实例添加到ObservableCollection Room.Cats的语法是什么?例如,我想将Cat1和Cat2添加到Room1,将Cat2和Cat3添加到Room2。我完全走错了路吗?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

按照您尝试的方式重复使用单个实例非常棘手。这是因为您通常在XAML中引用单个对象的方式是使用StaticResource标记扩展,并且您只能使用该标记扩展来设置属性值。

因此,您可以轻松地将Cat类型的属性设置为Cat的实例:

<Room Cat="{StaticResource Cat1}"/>

但您无法通过设置属性来填充集合。

令人惊讶的是,答案是直接在XAML中实例化对象,而不是将它们包装在ObjectDataProvider中。您仍然使用ObjectDataProvider,但方式不同:

<Window x:Class="ObjectDataProviderDemo.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ObjectDataProviderDemo" 
        xmlns:Collections="clr-namespace:System.Collections;assembly=mscorlib" 
        Title="MainWindow" 
        Height="350" 
        Width="525">
    <Window.Resources>
        <local:Cat x:Key="Tom" Name="Tom"/>
        <local:Cat x:Key="Garfield" Name="Garfield"/>
        <local:Cat x:Key="Furball" Name="Furball"/>
        <Collections:ArrayList x:Key="CatList1">
            <ObjectDataProvider ObjectInstance="{StaticResource Tom}" />
            <ObjectDataProvider ObjectInstance="{StaticResource Garfield}" />
            <ObjectDataProvider ObjectInstance="{StaticResource Furball}" />
        </Collections:ArrayList>
        <Collections:ArrayList x:Key="CatList2">
            <ObjectDataProvider ObjectInstance="{StaticResource Tom}" />
            <ObjectDataProvider ObjectInstance="{StaticResource Furball}" />
        </Collections:ArrayList>
        <DataTemplate x:Key="CatTemplate">
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" />
        </DataTemplate>
    </Window.Resources>
    <StackPanel>
        <ListBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource CatList1}" 
                 ItemTemplate="{StaticResource CatTemplate}"/>
        <ListBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource CatList2}"
                 ItemTemplate="{StaticResource CatTemplate}" />
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

答案 1 :(得分:3)

根据Heinzi和Robert Rossney的反馈,我提出了以下解决方案,该解决方案适用于我可以在XAML中访问的ObservableCollection和后面的代码:

在代码中我扩展了ObservableCollection,因此我可以在XAML中使用它(在XAML 2009中将不再需要它):

public class CatObservableCollection : ObservableCollection<Cat> { }

在UserControl.Resources的XAML中,我实例化了Cats:

<local:Cat x:Key="Tom" Name="Tom"/>
<local:Cat x:Key="Garfield" Name="Garfield"/>
<local:Cat x:Key="Furball" Name="Furball"/>

收藏品:

<local:CatObservableCollection x:Key="Room1Collection">
    <StaticResourceExtension ResourceKey="Tom"/>
    <StaticResourceExtension ResourceKey="Garfield"/>
</local:CatObservableCollection>
<local:CatObservableCollection x:Key="Room2Collection">
    <StaticResourceExtension ResourceKey="Garfield"/>
    <StaticResourceExtension ResourceKey="Furball"/>
</local:CatObservableCollection>

房间现在定义如下:

<local:Room x:Name="Room1" Cats="{StaticResource Room1Collection}"/>
<local:Room x:Name="Room2" Cats="{StaticResource Room2Collection}"/>

Room.Cats是一个ObservableCollection&lt; Cat&gt;

答案 2 :(得分:0)

根据您的具体需求,您可以选择仿制药。要以声明方式使用泛型,必须使用x:TypeArguments Directive。 TypeArguments指令只能与root元素一起使用。所以,你现在必须去寻找松散的XAML文件。可以使用System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.Load(Stream Stream) method

读取松散的XAML文件

Cat.cs:

using System;

namespace WpfCollection._3840371
{
    public class Cat
    {
        public Cat() { }

        public Cat(String name, String color) { Name = name; Color = color; }

        public String Name { get; set; }
        public String Color { get; set; }
    }
}

Room.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

namespace WpfCollection._3840371
{
    public class Room<T> where T : System.Windows.Data.ObjectDataProvider
    {
        public Room()
        {
            Cats = new ObservableCollection<T>();
        }

        public ObservableCollection<T> Cats { get; set; }
    }
}

窗口类:

namespace WpfCollection._3840371
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for Win3840371.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class Win3840371 : Window
    {
        public Win3840371()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            Room<ObjectDataProvider> kitchenRoom;
            using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"3840371/roomcats.txt", FileMode.Open))
            {
                kitchenRoom = (Room<ObjectDataProvider>)XamlReader.Load(fs);
            }

            foreach (ObjectDataProvider o in kitchenRoom.Cats)
                Debug.WriteLine(((Cat)o.Data).Name + " : " + ((Cat)o.Data).Color);
        }
    }
}

因此,包含XAML代码的.txt文件将是:

<local:Room 
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
            xmlns:System="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
            xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfCollection._3840371;assembly=WpfCollection"
            x:Key="UpperRoom" x:TypeArguments="ObjectDataProvider">
            <local:Room.Cats>
                <ObjectDataProvider x:Key="Cat1" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Cat}">
                    <ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
                        <System:String>Tom</System:String>
                        <System:String>Red</System:String>
                    </ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
                </ObjectDataProvider>
                <ObjectDataProvider x:Key="Cat2" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Cat}">
                    <ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
                        <System:String>Rubia</System:String>
                        <System:String>Brown</System:String>
                    </ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
                </ObjectDataProvider>
            </local:Room.Cats>
        </local:Room>