是否可以让一个宏使用大括号{}来表示一个判断块,以便替换'开始'关键词。因此,而不是:
(if (condition)
(begin
(statement1)
(statement2)
(statement3)
(statement4))
(else-statement))
我们可以使用:
(if (condition) {
(statement1)
(statement2)
(statement3)
(statement4) }
(else-statement))
怎么能这样做呢?谢谢你的回答。
答案 0 :(得分:8)
这是完全可能的,有几种方法可以做到这一点。 (在我开始之前请快速注意,我将使用block
代替begin
,因为它在内部定义方面效果更好。)
#%app
一种略微黑客的方法是重新定义函数应用程序的含义,以便特别处理花括号。您可以通过定义#%app
宏来执行此操作:
#lang racket
(require racket/block syntax/parse/define (prefix-in - racket))
;; This #%app macro redefines what function application means so that
;; { def-or-expr ... } expands into (block def-or-expr ...)
;; Otherwise it uses normal function application
(define-syntax-parser #%app
[{_ def-or-expr:expr ...}
#:when (equal? #\{ (syntax-property this-syntax 'paren-shape))
;; group them in a block
#'(block def-or-expr ...)]
[(_ f:expr arg ...)
#:when (not (equal? #\{ (syntax-property this-syntax 'paren-shape)))
;; expand to the old #%app form, from (prefix-in - racket)
#'(-#%app f arg ...)])
;; using it:
(define (f x)
(if (< 5 x) {
(define y (- x 5))
(f y)
}
x))
(f 1) ; 1
(f 5) ; 5
(f 6) ; 1
(f 10) ; 5
(f 11) ; 1
另一种方法是定义新的#lang
语言,并使用{
字符的不同条目扩展readtable。让我去做那个......
要定义#lang
语言,您需要将阅读器实现放在your-language/lang/reader.rkt
中。这是curly-block/lang/reader.rkt
,其中curly-block
目录作为单一集合包安装(raco pkg install path/to/curly-block
)。
<强>卷曲块/郎/ reader.rkt 强>
;; s-exp syntax/module-reader is a language for defining new languages.
#lang s-exp syntax/module-reader
racket
#:wrapper1 (lambda (th)
(parameterize ([current-readtable (make-curly-block-readtable (current-readtable))])
(th)))
;; This extends the orig-readtable with an entry for `{` that translates
;; { def-or-expr ... } into (block def-or-expr ...)
(define (make-curly-block-readtable orig-readtable)
(make-readtable orig-readtable
#\{ 'terminating-macro curly-block-proc))
;; This is the function that the new readtable will use when in encounters a `{`
(define (curly-block-proc char in src ln col pos)
;; This reads the list of things ending with the character that closes `char`
;; The #f means it uses the racket reader for the first step, so that `{`
;; uses the normal behavior, grouping expressions into a reader-level list
(define lst (read-syntax/recursive src in char #f))
(cons 'block lst))
使用它:
#lang curly-block
(require racket/block)
(define (f x)
(if (< 5 x) {
(define y (- x 5))
(f y)
}
x))
(f 1) ; 1
(f 5) ; 5
(f 6) ; 1
(f 10) ; 5
(f 11) ; 1