我正在尝试访问我的uni门户网站（使用https的网站）并通过python获取一些数据。
但最后一行不断出现错误。
这是我访问网站和登录的代码。任何人都可以澄清我应该检查和调试它吗？
import urllib
import ssl
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPSHandler(context=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)))
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
loginUrl1 = 'https://www.kau.ac.kr/page/login.jsp?ppage=&target_page=act_Portal_Check.jsp@chk1-1'
reqGetCookie = urllib.request.Request(loginUrl1)
respGetCookie = urllib.request.urlopen(reqGetCookie)
cookie = (respGetCookie.headers.get("Set-Cookie")).split('; ')[0]
loginUrl2 = 'Login authenticating page'
login_info={
'p_id' : "ID",
'p_pwd' : "Password"
}
loginForm1 = urllib.parse.urlencode(login_info)
loginForm = urllib.parse.parse_qs(loginForm1)
loginHeader = {
"Host" : "www.kau.ac.kr",
"Connection" : "keep-alive",
"Content-Length" : 138,
"Cache-Control" : "max-age=0",
"Accept" : "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.103 Safari/537.36",
"Content-Type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Referer" : "https://www.kau.ac.kr/page/login.jsp?ppage=&target_page=act_Portal_Check.jsp@chk1-1",
"Accept-Encoding" : "gzip, deflate",
"Accept-Language" : "ko-KR,ko;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4",
"Cookie" : cookie
}
reqLogin = urllib.request.Request(loginUrl2, loginForm, headers = loginHeader)
respLogin = urllib.request.urlopen(reqLogin)
这是错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 885, in send
self.sock.sendall(data)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 886, in sendall
v = self.send(data[count:])
TypeError: unhashable type: 'slice'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydev_run_in_console.py", line 71, in <module>
globals = run_file(file, None, None)
File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydev_run_in_console.py", line 31, in run_file
pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals) # execute the script
File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/_pydev_imps/_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
File "/Users/Python/Excercise/Exam prep/getgrade.py", line 127, in <module>
respLogin = urllib.request.urlopen(reqLogin)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 162, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 465, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 483, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 443, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1283, in https_open
context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1240, in do_open
h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1083, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1128, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1079, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 913, in _send_output
self.send(message_body)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 889, in send
self.sock.sendall(d)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 886, in sendall
v = self.send(data[count:])
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 856, in send
return self._sslobj.write(data)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 581, in write
return self._sslobj.write(data)
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'