假设我有一个函数f,它可以将坐标作为参数并返回一个整数(在这种情况下为f(x))。坐标可以是多维的,并且是列表的形式。我的目标是用两个坐标之间的所有值填充numpy数组。我试图列出所有可能的索引并将其用作矢量化函数的输入。
这是我的2维坐标代码:
import itertools
import numpy
def index_array(lower_corner, upper_corner):
x_range = range(lower_corner[0], upper_corner[0])
y_range = range(lower_corner[1], upper_corner[1])
return numpy.array(list(itertools.product(x_range, y_range)))
print(index_array([2, -2], [5, 3]))
这将返回索引列表,如预期的那样:
[[ 2 -2]
[ 2 -1]
[ 2 0]
[ 2 1]
[ 2 2]
[ 3 -2]
[ 3 -1]
[ 3 0]
[ 3 1]
[ 3 2]
[ 4 -2]
[ 4 -1]
[ 4 0]
[ 4 1]
[ 4 2]]
这是我对n维度的尝试:
import itertools
import numpy
def f(x):
# dummy function
return x + 5
def index_array(lower_corner, upper_corner):
# returns all indices between two n-dimensional points
range_list = []
for n in range(len(lower_corner)):
range_list.append(range(lower_corner[n], upper_corner[n]))
return numpy.array(list(itertools.product(*range_list)))
lower_corner = numpy.array([2, -2])
upper_corner = numpy.array([5, 3])
indices = index_array(lower_corner, upper_corner)
vect_func = numpy.vectorize(f)
results = vect_func(indices)
print(results)
虽然这种方法很有效但需要大量内存。是否有可能以更有效的方式写出来?我可以考虑使用numpy.meshgrid,但我不知道如何使用它。
答案 0 :(得分:6)
确实np.meshgrid
是使用某些stacking
进行此操作的一种方法,如下所示 -
def ndim_grid(start,stop):
# Set number of dimensions
ndims = len(start)
# List of ranges across all dimensions
L = [np.arange(start[i],stop[i]) for i in range(ndims)]
# Finally use meshgrid to form all combinations corresponding to all
# dimensions and stack them as M x ndims array
return np.hstack((np.meshgrid(*L))).swapaxes(0,1).reshape(ndims,-1).T
示例运行
1)2D
案例:
In [97]: ndim_grid([2, -2],[5, 3])
Out[97]:
array([[ 2, -2],
[ 2, -1],
[ 2, 0],
[ 2, 1],
[ 2, 2],
[ 3, -2],
[ 3, -1],
[ 3, 0],
[ 3, 1],
[ 3, 2],
[ 4, -2],
[ 4, -1],
[ 4, 0],
[ 4, 1],
[ 4, 2]])
2)3D
案例:
In [98]: ndim_grid([2, -2, 4],[5, 3, 6])
Out[98]:
array([[ 2, -2, 4],
[ 2, -2, 5],
[ 2, -1, 4],
[ 2, -1, 5],
[ 2, 0, 4],
[ 2, 0, 5],
[ 2, 1, 4],
[ 2, 1, 5],
[ 2, 2, 4],
[ 2, 2, 5],
[ 3, -2, 4],
[ 3, -2, 5],
[ 3, -1, 4],
[ 3, -1, 5],
[ 3, 0, 4],
[ 3, 0, 5],
[ 3, 1, 4],
[ 3, 1, 5],
[ 3, 2, 4],
[ 3, 2, 5],
[ 4, -2, 4],
[ 4, -2, 5],
[ 4, -1, 4],
[ 4, -1, 5],
[ 4, 0, 4],
[ 4, 0, 5],
[ 4, 1, 4],
[ 4, 1, 5],
[ 4, 2, 4],
[ 4, 2, 5]])
答案 1 :(得分:3)
另一种选择是使用product
中的itertools
,如果角落高于2D
,这也可以使用:
import itertools as it
lower_corner = [2, -2]
upper_corner = [5, 3]
[coord for coord in it.product(*[range(r[0], r[1]) for r in zip(lower_corner, upper_corner)])]
[(2, -2),
(2, -1),
(2, 0),
(2, 1),
(2, 2),
(3, -2),
(3, -1),
(3, 0),
(3, 1),
(3, 2),
(4, -2),
(4, -1),
(4, 0),
(4, 1),
(4, 2)]