Scala中的Currying:函数中的多个参数,包括类型的匿名函数(=> A)

时间:2016-06-23 22:12:23

标签: scala currying

这两个代码块之间有什么区别?

def measure[A](histogram: Histogram)(thunk: ⇒ A): A = {
  val start = RelativeNanoTimestamp.now
  try thunk finally {
    val latency = NanoInterval.since(start).nanos
    histogram.record(latency)
}

def measure[A](histogram: Histogram, thunk: ⇒ A): A = {
  val start = RelativeNanoTimestamp.now
  try thunk finally {
    val latency = NanoInterval.since(start).nanos
    histogram.record(latency)
}

Github Source

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

=> A是一个惰性参数。它将在函数中引用时进行评估。它可以是一个产生值的函数,也可以只是一个值。

单例和多参数列表之间的主要区别如下:

def measure[A](histogram: Histogram)(thunk: ⇒ A)
def measure[A](histogram: Histogram, thunk: ⇒ A)

(不考虑隐含和类型推断)是你如何应用函数:

scala> def f[A](i: Int)(p: => A): A = { p }
f: [A](i: Int)(p: => A)A

scala> f(1)(2)
res0: Int = 2

scala> f(1){ println("something") }
something

scala> f(1){
     |   println("test")
     | }
test

scala> def f2[A](i: Int, p: => A): A = { p }
f2: [A](i: Int, p: => A)A

scala> f2(1, 2)
res4: Int = 2

scala> f2(1, println("test"))
test

scala> f2(1, { println("test") })
test

看到具有多个参数列表的f允许我们以这种方式编写:f(...){...},而如果您将多行代码块作为第二个参数,则f2不那么优雅: f(..., {...})

此外,如果你做了许多currying /部分应用,那么f2f更容易处理:

scala> val f_withFirstArg = f(1) _
f_withFirstArg: (=> Nothing) => Nothing = <function1>

scala> val f2_withFirstArg = f2(1, _)
<console>:8: error: missing parameter type for expanded function ((x$1) => f2(1, x$1))
       val f2_withFirstArg = f2(1, _)
                                   ^

我们必须明确指定参数类型,类型推断失败简短:

scala> val f2_withFirstArg = f2(1, _: String)
f2_withFirstArg: String => String = <function1>

如果你想了解它的技术,那么值得指出它们实际上是不同的类型:

scala> :type f _
Int => ((=> Nothing) => Nothing)

scala> :type f2 _
(Int, => Nothing) => Nothing

f是一个函数,它接受Int并返回另一个类型A的函数,并生成类型Af2是一个需要2个参数的函数:IntA并返回A

这实际上取决于您的代码。如果由于类型推断缺点需要进行大量部分应用或需要较少的注释,则使用多个参数列表。否则,不需要过度复杂化并使用常规的单个参数列表函数。

最后,只要有意义,你总是可以从一种功能转换为另一种功能:

scala> f2 _
res13: (Int, => Nothing) => Nothing = <function2>

scala> f2 _ curried
warning: there were 1 feature warning(s); re-run with -feature for details
res14: Int => ((=> Nothing) => Nothing) = <function1>

scala> f _ curried
<console>:9: error: value curried is not a member of Int => ((=> Nothing) => Nothing)
              f _ curried
                  ^

scala> f _ tupled
<console>:9: error: value tupled is not a member of Int => ((=> Nothing) => Nothing)
              f _ tupled
                  ^

scala> f2 _ tupled
warning: there were 1 feature warning(s); re-run with -feature for details
res17: ((Int, => Nothing)) => Nothing = <function1>

请注意,我们无法使f咖喱,因为它已经存在。我们无法将f组合在一起,因为它不会改变任何内容。不过,我们可以使用f2f转换为curried

scala> :type f _
Int => ((=> Nothing) => Nothing)

scala> :type f2 _ curried _
Int => ((=> Nothing) => Nothing)