Question

我正在尝试在python中编写一些REST API，首先我开始编写Authenticate代码。我在其中一个网站上找到了验证的示例代码：

from functools import wraps
from flask import request, Response

def check_auth(username, password):
    """This function is called to check if a username /
    password combination is valid.
    """
    return username == 'admin' and password == 'secret'

def authenticate():
    """Sends a 401 response that enables basic auth"""
    return Response(
    'Could not verify your access level for that URL.\n'
    'You have to login with proper credentials', 401,
    {'WWW-Authenticate': 'Basic realm="Login Required"'})

def requires_auth(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def decorated(*args, **kwargs):
        auth = request.authorization
        if not auth or not check_auth(username, password):
            return authenticate()
        return f(*args, **kwargs)
    return decorated

我已使用上面的代码来保护我的示例应用：

@app.route('/student/<studentid>', methods = ['GET'])
@requires_auth
def api_users(studentid):
    students = {'1':'ABC', '2':'XYZ', '3':'TEST'}

    if studentid in students:
        return jsonify({studentid:students[studentid]})
    else:
        return not_found()

现在，我试图通过python requests / pycurl模块调用此url。但是，无论有效的用户名/密码如何，每次返回401错误。

使用请求：

import requests, base64
usrPass = "admin:secret"
b64Val = base64.b64encode(usrPass)
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)
res = requests.get('https://<abc.com>/student/1', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin','secret'), headers={'Authorization': 'Basic %s' % b64Val}, data={}, verify=False)
print res

使用curl：

myCurlPut = pycurl.Curl()
myCurlPut.setopt(pycurl.URL, "https://<abc.com>/student/1")
myCurlPut.setopt(pycurl.HTTPAUTH, pycurl.HTTPAUTH_BASIC)
myCurlPut.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, "%s:%s" % ('admin', 'secret'))
myCurlPut.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0)
myCurlPut.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER, ['X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET'])
myCurlPut.perform()

可以，任何人都可以帮助我每次返回401错误的原因。请建议。

Answer 1

这是烧瓶授权的工作示例。

from functools import wraps

from flask import Flask,Response,request, abort


app = Flask(__name__)

def check_auth(name,passw):
    return (name=='admin' and passw=='pass')

def requires_auth(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def decorated(*args, **kwargs):
        auth = request.authorization
        if not auth or not check_auth(auth.username, auth.password):
            abort(401)
        return f(*args, **kwargs)
    return decorated


@app.route('/')
@requires_auth
def hello():
    return "Hello World"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True)

我的请求文件：

import requests, base64
usrPass = "admin:pass"
b64Val = base64.b64encode(usrPass)
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)
res = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin','pass'), headers={'Authorization': 'Basic %s' % b64Val}, data={}, verify=False)
print res

如果您在localhost上运行此命令，则应使用localhost地址你的代码中<abc.com>是什么。可能这就是错误。

编辑2

from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer as Serializer, BadSignature, SignatureExpired


def gen_token(name,passw, expiration=None):
    s = Serializer(app.config['SECRET_KEY'], expires_in = expiration)
    return s.dumps(name, passw)

def verify_token(token):
    serial = Serializer(app.config['SECRET_KEY'])
    try:
        data = serial.loads(token)
    except BadSignature:
        return "Error"
    except SignatureExpired:
        return "Error"

    name = data[0]
    passw = data[1]

    return name,passw

这些方法可以帮助您开始使用基于令牌的身份验证。

我做的是

用户通过在Auth标头
检查username和password是否正确后，您可以使用gen_token方法生成令牌。您可以根据自己的要求修改此方法。 Read Here
现在，用户从username位置的Auth标头中发送从方法2收到的令牌。 password可以留空或在该地点发送None。
当您收到令牌时，您需要使用SECRET_KEY加载令牌。可以根据您的要求处理例外情况。如果令牌有效，您将能够获得发送请求的用户，从而执行您的程序。

希望它有所帮助！

请查看此link以获取更详细的说明。

Answer 2

看起来您没有正确传递用户名和密码进行身份验证。您应该从username变量获得password和auth的值。因此，请尝试将requires_auth功能更改为：

def requires_auth(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def decorated(*args, **kwargs):
        auth = request.authorization
        if not auth or not check_auth(auth.username, auth.password):
            return authenticate()
        return f(*args, **kwargs)
    return decorated

安全的Python REST API

2 个答案: