将列表字典转换为键和值列表的有效方法

时间:2016-06-16 18:26:06

标签: python dictionary itertools

我的列表字典如下(它可以超过1M个元素,也假设字典按键排序)

import scipy.sparse as sp
d = {0: [0,1], 1: [1,2,3], 
     2: [3,4,5], 3: [4,5,6], 
     4: [5,6,7], 5: [7], 
     6: [7,8,9]}

我想知道什么是最有效的方式(大字典的最快方式)将其转换为行和列索引列表,如:

r_index = [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6]
c_index = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9]

到目前为止,我有一些解决方案:

  1. 使用迭代

    row_ind = [k for k, v in d.iteritems() for _ in range(len(v))] # or d.items() in Python 3
    col_ind = [i for ids in d.values() for i in ids]
    
  2. 使用pandas库

    import pandas as pd
    df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(d, orient='index')
    df = df.stack().reset_index()
    row_ind = list(df['level_0'])
    col_ind = list(df[0])
    
  3. 使用itertools

    import itertools
    indices = [(x,y) for x, y in itertools.chain.from_iterable([itertools.product((k,), v) for k, v in d.items()])]
    indices = np.array(indices)
    row_ind = indices[:, 0]
    col_ind = indices[:, 1]
    
  4. 如果我的字典中有很多元素,我不知道哪种方式是处理这个问题的最快方法。谢谢!

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

python中优化的第一个经验法则是确保你的最内层循环外包给某些库函数。这仅适用于cpython - pypy是一个完全不同的故事。 在你的情况下,使用extend会带来一些显着的加速。

import time
l = range(10000)
x = dict([(k, list(l)) for k in range(1000)])

def org(d):
    row_ind = [k for k, v in d.items() for _ in range(len(v))]
    col_ind = [i for ids in d.values() for i in ids]

def ext(d):
    row_ind = [k for k, v in d.items() for _ in range(len(v))]
    col_ind = []
    for ids in d.values():
        col_ind.extend(ids)

def ext_both(d):
    row_ind = []
    for k, v in d.items():
        row_ind.extend([k] * len(v))
    col_ind = []
    for ids in d.values():
        col_ind.extend(ids)

functions = [org, ext, ext_both]
for func in functions:
    begin = time.time()
    func(x)
    elapsed = time.time() - begin
    print(func.__name__ + ": "  + str(elapsed))

使用python2时的输出:

org: 0.512559890747
ext: 0.340406894684
ext_both: 0.149670124054

答案 1 :(得分:0)

您可以更改基准的输入大小:

import time
l = xrange(10000)
x = dict([(k, list(l)) for k in xrange(1000)])


def f(d):
    row_ind = [k for k, v in d.iteritems() for _ in range(len(v))]
    col_ind = [i for ids in d.values() for i in ids]


def ff(d):
    import pandas as pd
    df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(d, orient='index')
    df = df.stack().reset_index()
    row_ind = list(df['level_0'])
    col_ind = list(df[0])


def fff(d):
    import itertools
    import numpy as np
    indices = [(x, y) for x, y in itertools.chain.from_iterable(
        [itertools.product((k,), v) for k, v in d.items()])]
    indices = np.array(indices)
    row_ind = indices[:, 0]
    col_ind = indices[:, 1]

alternatives = [f, ff, fff]
for func in alternatives:
    begin = time.time()
    func(x)
    print time.time() - begin

输出:

0.977538108826
5.26920008659
6.98472499847

使用当前的样本量,第一种方法似乎更好。但是,如果您有更多时间选择样本大小并等待执行完成,则可能会有不同的结果。有可能使用库。

答案 2 :(得分:-2)

有一个名为装饰器的功能。装饰器总是在def或类函数​​之上。在代码上使用import timer @timer.Timer()或类似内容。你可以谷歌更多。或者转到此链接:https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecorators