我有一个asp.net核心应用程序,它使用在应用程序的startup.cs类中定义的依赖注入:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlServer(Configuration["Data:FotballConnection:DefaultConnection"]));
// Repositories
services.AddScoped<IUserRepository, UserRepository>();
services.AddScoped<IUserRoleRepository, UserRoleRepository>();
services.AddScoped<IRoleRepository, RoleRepository>();
services.AddScoped<ILoggingRepository, LoggingRepository>();
// Services
services.AddScoped<IMembershipService, MembershipService>();
services.AddScoped<IEncryptionService, EncryptionService>();
// new repos
services.AddScoped<IMatchService, MatchService>();
services.AddScoped<IMatchRepository, MatchRepository>();
services.AddScoped<IMatchBetRepository, MatchBetRepository>();
services.AddScoped<ITeamRepository, TeamRepository>();
services.AddScoped<IFootballAPI, FootballAPIService>();
这允许这样的事情:
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class MatchController : AuthorizedController
{
private readonly IMatchService _matchService;
private readonly IMatchRepository _matchRepository;
private readonly IMatchBetRepository _matchBetRepository;
private readonly IUserRepository _userRepository;
private readonly ILoggingRepository _loggingRepository;
public MatchController(IMatchService matchService, IMatchRepository matchRepository, IMatchBetRepository matchBetRepository, ILoggingRepository loggingRepository, IUserRepository userRepository)
{
_matchService = matchService;
_matchRepository = matchRepository;
_matchBetRepository = matchBetRepository;
_userRepository = userRepository;
_loggingRepository = loggingRepository;
}
这很整洁。但是当我想进行单元测试时会成为一个问题。因为我的测试库没有启动依赖注入的startup.cs。所以这些接口作为params的类只是null。
namespace TestLibrary
{
public class FootballAPIService
{
private readonly IMatchRepository _matchRepository;
private readonly ITeamRepository _teamRepository;
public FootballAPIService(IMatchRepository matchRepository, ITeamRepository teamRepository)
{
_matchRepository = matchRepository;
_teamRepository = teamRepository;
在上面的代码中,在测试库中, _matchRepository 和 _teamRepository ,只是 null 。 :(
我可以执行类似于ConfigureServices的操作,在我的测试库项目中定义依赖注入吗?
答案 0 :(得分:55)
尽管@ Kritner的答案是正确的,但我更喜欢以下代码完整性和更好的DI体验:
[TestClass]
public class MatchRepositoryTests
{
private readonly IMatchRepository matchRepository;
public MatchRepositoryTests()
{
var services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddTransient<IMatchRepository, MatchRepository>();
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
matchRepository = serviceProvider.GetService<IMatchRepository>();
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:21)
.net核心中的控制器从一开始就考虑了依赖注入,但这并不意味着您需要使用依赖注入容器。
给出一个更简单的类:
public class MyController : Controller
{
private readonly IMyInterface _myInterface;
public MyController(IMyInterface myInterface)
{
_myInterface = myInterface;
}
public JsonResult Get()
{
return Json(_myInterface.Get());
}
}
public interface IMyInterface
{
IEnumerable<MyObject> Get();
}
public class MyClass : IMyInterface
{
public IEnumerable<MyObject> Get()
{
// implementation
}
}
因此,在您的应用中,您在startup.cs
中使用了依赖注入容器,这只会在遇到MyClass
时提供IMyInterface
的具体结果。这并不意味着它是获取MyController
实例的唯一方法。
在 单元 测试场景中,您可以(并且应该)提供IMyInterface
的自己的实现(或模拟/存根/假),如下所示:
public class MyTestClass : IMyInterface
{
public IEnumerable<MyObject> Get()
{
List<MyObject> list = new List<MyObject>();
// populate list
return list;
}
}
并在你的测试中:
[TestClass]
public class MyControllerTests
{
MyController _systemUnderTest;
IMyInterface _myInterface;
[TestInitialize]
public void Setup()
{
_myInterface = new MyTestClass();
_systemUnderTest = new MyController(_myInterface);
}
}
因此,对于单元测试MyController
的范围,IMyInterface
的实际实现并不重要( 不应该 重要),界面本身很重要。我们提供了IMyInterface
到MyTestClass
的“假”实现,但您也可以通过Moq
或RhinoMocks
之类的模拟执行此操作。
总而言之,您实际上并不需要依赖注入容器来完成测试,只需要一个单独的,可控制的,实现/模拟/存根/假的测试类依赖项。
答案 2 :(得分:13)
一种简单的方法,我编写了一个通用的依赖关系解析器帮助程序类,然后在我的单元测试类中构建了IWebHost。
通用依赖性解析器
public class DependencyResolverHelpercs
{
private readonly IWebHost _webHost;
/// <inheritdoc />
public DependencyResolverHelpercs(IWebHost WebHost) => _webHost = WebHost;
public T GetService<T>()
{
using (var serviceScope = _webHost.Services.CreateScope())
{
var services = serviceScope.ServiceProvider;
try
{
var scopedService = services.GetRequiredService<T>();
return scopedService;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e);
throw;
}
};
}
}
}
单元测试项目
[TestFixture]
public class DependencyResolverTests
{
private DependencyResolverHelpercs _serviceProvider;
public DependencyResolverTests()
{
var webHost = WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder()
.UseStartup<Startup>()
.Build();
_serviceProvider = new DependencyResolverHelpercs(webHost);
}
[Test]
public void Service_Should_Get_Resolved()
{
//Act
var YourService = _serviceProvider.GetService<IYourService>();
//Assert
Assert.IsNotNull(YourService);
}
}
答案 3 :(得分:3)
如果您使用的是Program.cs
+ Startup.cs
约定,并且想快速进行操作,则可以单线重用现有的宿主构建器:
using MyWebProjectNamespace;
public class MyTests
{
readonly IServiceProvider _services =
Program.CreateHostBuilder(new string[] { }).Build().Services; // one liner
[Test]
public void GetMyTest()
{
var myService = _services.GetRequiredService<IMyService>();
Assert.IsNotNull(myService);
}
}
来自网络项目的Program.cs
文件示例:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
namespace MyWebProjectNamespace
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args) =>
CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
{
webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
});
}
}
答案 4 :(得分:2)
您可以使用 asp.net core DI 并在测试中注入模拟实例对象。 这是一个完整的工作示例:
举个例子:
IMatchService
依赖项DoSomething
中添加了一个 MatchController
操作,以便进行测试。Add
和 IMatchService
类添加了一个 MatchService
方法,以便可以模拟。请注意,具有 Setup
和 Moq
的方法应该是虚拟的。
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class MatchController : AuthorizedController
{
private readonly IMatchService _matchService;
public MatchController(IMatchService matchService)
{
_matchService = matchService;
}
public virtual int DoSomething()
{
return _matchService.Add(1, 2);
}
}
public interface IMatchService
{
int Add(int a, int b);
}
public class MatchService : IMatchService
{
public virtual int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
}
始终可以通过调用 Mock.Get
方法来获取 Mock。
为了方便每个依赖项,我创建了两个属性,如 MatchService
和 MockedMatchService
。
public class MyTests
{
protected IMatchService MatchService { get; set; }
protected Mock<IMatchService> MockedMatchService => Mock.Get(MatchService);
private IServiceProvider ServicesProvider { get; set; }
[SetUp]
public void SetupBeforeEachTest()
{
// Configure DI container
ServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
ConfigureServices(services);
ServicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
// Use DI to get instances of IMatchService
MatchService = ServicesProvider.GetService<IMatchService>();
}
// In this test I mock the Add method of the dependency (IMatchService) so that it returns a value I choose
[Test]
public void TestMethod()
{
// Prepare
var matchController = ServicesProvider.GetService<MatchController>();
int expectedResult = 5;
MockedMatchService.Setup(x => x.Add(It.IsAny<int>(), It.IsAny<int>())).Returns(expectedResult);
// Act - This will call the real DoSomething method because the MatchController has comes from a Mock with CallBase = true
int result = matchController.DoSomething();
// Check
Assert.AreEqual(expectedResult, result);
}
private static void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddScoped<IMatchService>();
services.AddScoped<MatchController>();
}
}
答案 5 :(得分:1)
为什么要在测试类中注入它们? 您通常会测试MatchController,例如,使用RhinoMocks之类的工具来创建存根或模拟。这是一个使用它和MSTest的例子,您可以从中推断:
[TestClass]
public class MatchControllerTests
{
private readonly MatchController _sut;
private readonly IMatchService _matchService;
public MatchControllerTests()
{
_matchService = MockRepository.GenerateMock<IMatchService>();
_sut = new ProductController(_matchService);
}
[TestMethod]
public void DoSomething_WithCertainParameters_ShouldDoSomething()
{
_matchService
.Expect(x => x.GetMatches(Arg<string>.Is.Anything))
.Return(new []{new Match()});
_sut.DoSomething();
_matchService.AssertWasCalled(x => x.GetMatches(Arg<string>.Is.Anything);
}
答案 6 :(得分:0)
我仔细研究了@madjack 和@Kritner 的回答并做出了我的
<块引用>用于依赖注入的基本可继承基测试类
只需在其中注册您的服务并继承即可。
public class BaseTester
{
protected IProductService _productService;
protected IEmployeeService _employeeService;
public BaseTester()
{
var services = new ServiceCollection();
services.AddTransient<IProductService, ProductService>();
services.AddTransient<IEmployeeService, EmployeeService>();
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
_productService = serviceProvider.GetService<IProductService>();
_employeeService = serviceProvider.GetService<IEmployeeService>();
}
}