我试图安装rails但是当我运行时：sudo gem install rails -v 4.2.6我收到以下错误，我尝试了一些解决方案，但到目前为止都没有工作
我认为＆＃34; nokogiri＆＃34;是一个问题。宝石，这是输出：
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
Using pkg-config version 1.1.7
checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes
checking if the C compiler accepts -Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future... no
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
Using mini_portile version 2.1.0
checking for iconv.h... yes
checking for gzdopen() in -lz... yes
checking for iconv... yes
************************************************************************
IMPORTANT NOTICE:
Building Nokogiri with a packaged version of libxml2-2.9.4.
Team Nokogiri will keep on doing their best to provide security
updates in a timely manner, but if this is a concern for you and want
to use the system library instead; abort this installation process and
reinstall nokogiri as follows:
gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries
[--with-xml2-config=/path/to/xml2-config]
[--with-xslt-config=/path/to/xslt-config]
If you are using Bundler, tell it to use the option:
bundle config build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries
bundle install
Note, however, that nokogiri is not fully compatible with arbitrary
versions of libxml2 provided by OS/package vendors.
************************************************************************
Extracting libxml2-2.9.4.tar.gz into tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin15/ports/libxml2/2.9.4... OK
Running 'configure' for libxml2 2.9.4... OK
Running 'compile' for libxml2 2.9.4... ERROR, review '/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.8/ext/nokogiri/tmp/x86_64-apple-darwin15/ports/libxml2/2.9.4/compile.log' to see what happened. Last lines are:
========================================================================
CCLD libxml2.la
CC testdso.lo
CCLD testdso.la
CC xmllint.o
CCLD xmllint
ld: warning: ignoring file /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/lib/liblzma.dylib, file was built for x86_64 which is not the architecture being linked (i386): /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.2/lib/liblzma.dylib
Undefined symbols for architecture i386:
"_lzma_auto_decoder", referenced from:
_xz_head in libxml2.a(xzlib.o)
"_lzma_code", referenced from:
_xz_decomp in libxml2.a(xzlib.o)
"_lzma_end", referenced from:
___libxml2_xzclose in libxml2.a(xzlib.o)
"_lzma_properties_decode", referenced from:
_is_format_lzma in libxml2.a(xzlib.o)
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture i386
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [xmllint] Error 1
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2
========================================================================
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
--help
--clean
--use-system-libraries
--enable-static
--disable-static
--with-zlib-dir
--without-zlib-dir
--with-zlib-include
--without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
--with-zlib-lib
--without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
--enable-cross-build
--disable-cross-build
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/mini_portile2-2.1.0/lib/mini_portile2/mini_portile.rb:366:in `block in execute': Failed to complete compile task (RuntimeError)
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/mini_portile2-2.1.0/lib/mini_portile2/mini_portile.rb:337:in `chdir'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/mini_portile2-2.1.0/lib/mini_portile2/mini_portile.rb:337:in `execute'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/mini_portile2-2.1.0/lib/mini_portile2/mini_portile.rb:111:in `compile'
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/mini_portile2-2.1.0/lib/mini_portile2/mini_portile.rb:150:in `cook'
from extconf.rb:364:in `block (2 levels) in process_recipe'
from extconf.rb:257:in `block in chdir_for_build'
from extconf.rb:256:in `chdir'
from extconf.rb:256:in `chdir_for_build'
from extconf.rb:363:in `block in process_recipe'
from extconf.rb:262:in `tap'
from extconf.rb:262:in `process_recipe'
from extconf.rb:555:in `<main>'
Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.8 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.8/ext/nokogiri/gem_make.out
答案 0 :(得分：2)
错误来自xz和nokogiri与libxml的冲突。 nokogiri的官方问题和解决方案是：how to deep copy pixelbuffer
（类似问题提醒：安装Xcode 8后总是重新运行xcode-select --install
您可以使用Xcode的libxml2安装nokogiri：
gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-include=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/libxml2 --use-system-libraries
如果您不需要，请卸载xz：
brew uninstall xz
如果需要，请以兼容的方式重新安装xz：
brew install xz --universal
您可以安装libxml2：
brew install libxml2
答案 1 :(得分：1)
假设您正在使用自制程序：brew install libxml2;然后再次安装rails。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
我通过运行
解决了这个问题$brew uninstall xz
然后又跑了
$ sudo gem install nokogiri -v '1.6.8'
解决方案的灵感来自：https://tickets.puppetlabs.com/browse/BKR-841
PS：我不知道删除xz的副作用，但至少它让我的nokogiri构建：）
答案 3 :(得分：0)
首先，使用此命令安装nokogiri for mac。
sudo gem install nokogiri -v '1.6.6.2' -- --use-system-libraries --with-xml2-include=/usr/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/lib
然后像往常一样安装rails。