Question

我想检查file2.sh是否存在，以及特定字poet是否属于文件的一部分。我使用grep创建变量used_var。

#!/bin/ksh

file_name=/home/file2.sh                  
used_var=`grep "poet" $file_name`

如何检查used_var是否有值？

Answer 1

不是将grep的输出存储在变量中，然后检查变量是否为空，您可以这样做：

if grep -q "poet" $file_name
then
    echo "poet was found in $file_name"
fi

============

以下是一些常用的测试：

   -d FILE
          FILE exists and is a directory
   -e FILE
          FILE exists
   -f FILE
          FILE exists and is a regular file
   -h FILE
          FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
   -r FILE
          FILE exists and is readable
   -s FILE
          FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
   -w FILE
          FILE exists and is writable
   -x FILE
          FILE exists and is executable
   -z STRING
          the length of STRING is zero

示例：

if [ -e "$file_name" ] && [ ! -z "$used_var" ]
then
    echo "$file_name exists and $used_var is not empty"
fi

Answer 2

if test -e "$file_name";then
 ...
fi

if grep -q "poet" $file_name; then
  ..
fi

Answer 3

test -e将测试文件是否存在。如果测试成功，则test命令返回零值，否则返回1。

测试可以写成test -e或使用[]

[ -e "$file_name" ] && grep "poet" $file_name

除非您确实需要grep的输出，否则可以测试返回值，因为如果没有匹配则grep将返回1，如果有匹配则返回0。

一般来说，您可以使用[ "string" ]测试字符串是否为空，如果非空则返回0，如果为空则返回1

Answer 4

如果您安装了test二进制文件或ksh具有匹配的内置函数，则可以使用它来执行检查。通常/bin/[是指向test的符号链接：

if [ -e "$file_name" ]; then
  echo "File exists"
fi

if [ -z "$used_var" ]; then
  echo "Variable is empty"
fi

Answer 5

您应该使用grep -q标志进行静音输出。请参阅以下手册页：

man grep输出：

 General Output Control

  -q, --quiet, --silent
              Quiet;  do  not write anything to standard output.  Exit immediately with zero status
              if any match is  found,  even  if  an  error  was  detected.   Also  see  the  -s  or
              --no-messages option.  (-q is specified by POSIX.)

此KornShell（ksh）脚本演示grep静音输出，是您问题的解决方案。

grepUtil.ksh：

#!/bin/ksh

#Initialize Variables
file=poet.txt
var=""
dir=tempDir
dirPath="/"${dir}"/"
searchString="poet"

#Function to initialize variables
initialize(){
    echo "Entering initialize"
    echo "Exiting initialize"
}

#Function to create File with Input
#Params: 1}Directory 2}File 3}String to write to FileName
createFileWithInput(){
    echo "Entering createFileWithInput"
    orgDirectory=${PWD}
    cd ${1}
    > ${2}
    print ${3} >> ${2}
    cd ${orgDirectory}
    echo "Exiting createFileWithInput"
}

#Function to create File with Input
#Params: 1}directoryName
createDir(){
    echo "Entering createDir"
    mkdir -p ${1}
    echo "Exiting createDir"
}

#Params: 1}FileName
readLine(){
    echo "Entering readLine"
    file=${1}
    while read line
    do
        #assign last line to var
        var="$line"
    done <"$file"
    echo "Exiting readLine"
}
#Check if file exists 
#Params: 1}File
doesFileExit(){
    echo "Entering doesFileExit"
    orgDirectory=${PWD}
    cd ${PWD}${dirPath}
    #echo ${PWD}
    if [[ -e "${1}" ]]; then
        echo "${1} exists"
    else
        echo "${1} does not exist"
    fi
    cd ${orgDirectory}
    echo "Exiting doesFileExit"
}
#Check if file contains a string quietly
#Params: 1}Directory Path 2}File 3}String to seach for in File
doesFileContainStringQuiet(){
    echo "Entering doesFileContainStringQuiet"
    orgDirectory=${PWD}
    cd ${PWD}${1}
    #echo ${PWD}
    grep -q ${3} ${2}
    if [ ${?} -eq 0 ];then
        echo "${3} found in ${2}"
    else
        echo "${3} not found in ${2}"
    fi
    cd ${orgDirectory}
    echo "Exiting doesFileContainStringQuiet"
}
#Check if file contains a string with output
#Params: 1}Directory Path 2}File 3}String to seach for in File
doesFileContainString(){
    echo "Entering doesFileContainString"
    orgDirectory=${PWD}
    cd ${PWD}${1}
    #echo ${PWD}
    grep ${3} ${2}
    if [ ${?} -eq 0 ];then
        echo "${3} found in ${2}"
    else
        echo "${3} not found in ${2}"
    fi
    cd ${orgDirectory}
    echo "Exiting doesFileContainString"
}

#-----------
#---Main----
#-----------
echo "Starting: ${PWD}/${0} with Input Parameters: {1: ${1} {2: ${2} {3: ${3}"
#initialize #function call#
createDir ${dir} #function call#
createFileWithInput ${dir} ${file} ${searchString} #function call#
doesFileExit ${file} #function call#
if [ ${?} -eq 0 ];then
    doesFileContainStringQuiet ${dirPath} ${file} ${searchString} #function call#
    doesFileContainString ${dirPath} ${file} ${searchString} #function call#
fi
echo "Exiting: ${PWD}/${0}"

grepUtil.ksh输出：

user@foo /tmp
$ ksh grepUtil.ksh
Starting: /tmp/grepUtil.ksh with Input Parameters: {1:  {2:  {3:
Entering createDir
Exiting createDir
Entering createFileWithInput
Exiting createFileWithInput
Entering doesFileExit
poet.txt exists
Exiting doesFileExit
Entering doesFileContainStringQuiet
poet found in poet.txt
Exiting doesFileContainStringQuiet
Entering doesFileContainString
poet
poet found in poet.txt
Exiting doesFileContainString
Exiting: /tmp/grepUtil.ksh

检查文件是否存在以及是否包含特定字符串

5 个答案: