我试着写一个sukoku求解器，它通过回溯解决了sudokus。这工作得非常好，所以我尝试编写一个工作的GUI，但是创建边框很难并且很长，也许你对如何做到这一点有更好的了解。现在我想要你可以看到回溯算法有效，但我不知道如何同步Swing。
我认为SwingWorker不在这里工作，因为它必须自己调用。同步块无效。
我的代码：
package games.sudoku;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeSupport;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class MyFrame {
private JFrame f = new JFrame("Sudoku Solver");
private JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
private JPanel sudokuPanel = new JPanel();
private JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
private JTextField [][] cells = new JTextField[9][9];
private JTextField progressBar = new JTextField();
private JButton solve = new JButton("Solve!");
private JButton reset = new JButton("Reset");
private int[][] intCells = new int[9][9];
private int x = 0;
private int y = 0;
private Font sudokuFont = new Font("SansSerief", Font.BOLD, 20);
private ActionListener al;
private PropertyChangeSupport pcs = new PropertyChangeSupport(intCells);
public MyFrame() {
f.setSize(400, 400);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.add(init());
f.setResizable(false);
f.setVisible(true);
}
/**
* create and initialized mainPanel
*
* @return completly initialized mainPanel
*/
private JPanel init(){
listeners();
solve.addActionListener(al);
progressBar.setEditable(false);
// Init the panel where the sudoku is displayed
sudokuPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(9, 9));
for(x = 0; x < cells.length; x++){
for(y = 0; y < cells[x].length; y++){
cells[x][y] = new JTextField();
cells[x][y].setFont(sudokuFont);
cells[x][y].setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
//TODO find a better way
//Create borders to simulate a sudoku's layout
if(bordered(x, 0)){ // Top total
if(bordered(y, 0)){ //Left
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(4, 4, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 1, 4, 7)){ //Mid
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(4, 1, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 2, 5)){ //Right-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(4, 1, 1, 2, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 3, 6)){ //Left-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(4, 2, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else{ //Right
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(4, 1, 1, 4, Color.BLACK));
}
}else if(bordered(x, 3, 6)){ //top of box
if(bordered(y, 0)){ //Left
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(2, 4, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 1, 4, 7)){ //Mid
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(2, 1, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 2, 5)){ //Right-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(2, 1, 1, 2, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 3, 6)){ //Left-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(2, 2, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else{ //Right
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(2, 1, 1, 4, Color.BLACK));
}
}else if(bordered(x, 1, 4, 7)){ //Mid
if(bordered(y, 0)){ //Left
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 4, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 1, 4, 7)){ //Mid
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 2, 5)){ //Right-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 1, 2, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 3, 6)){ //Left-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 2, 1, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else{ //Right
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 1, 4, Color.BLACK));
}
}else if(bordered(x, 2, 5)){ // Bottom of box
if(bordered(y, 0)){ //Left
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 4, 2, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 1, 4, 7)){ //Mid
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 2, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 2, 5)){ //Right-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 2, 2, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 3, 6)){ //Left-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 2, 2, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else{ //Right
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 2, 4, Color.BLACK));
}
}else if(bordered(x, 8)){ // Bottom overall
if(bordered(y, 0)){ //Left
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 4, 4, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 1, 4, 7)){ //Mid
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 4, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 2, 5)){ //Right-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 4, 2, Color.BLACK));
}else if(bordered(y, 3, 6)){ //Left-Half
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 2, 4, 1, Color.BLACK));
}else{ //Right
cells[x][y].setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(1, 1, 4, 4, Color.BLACK));
}
}
sudokuPanel.add(cells[x][y]);
}
}
buttonPanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
buttonPanel.add(solve);
buttonPanel.add(reset);
mainPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
mainPanel.add(sudokuPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
mainPanel.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
mainPanel.add(progressBar, BorderLayout.NORTH);
return mainPanel;
}
private void listeners(){
al = new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if(e.getSource().equals(solve)){
for(int i = 0; i < cells.length; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < cells[i].length; j++){
if(isInt(cells[i][j].getText())){
intCells[i][j] = new Integer(cells[i][j].getText());
}else if(cells[i][j].getText().equals("")){
intCells[i][j] = 0;
cells[i][j].setForeground(Color.ORANGE);
}else{
setProgressBarText(true, "Error: Input has to be a digit between 1 and 9!");
}
}
}
pcs.firePropertyChange("input", null, null);
}else{
//TODO al for reset-button
}
}
};
}
/**
* method to stint y == 0 || y == 1 ...
*
* @param var x or y
* @param args specified numbers to check
* @return true or false if var == args
*/
private boolean bordered(int var, int... args){
for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++){
if(var == args[i]){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* check wether a string can be parsed to int
*
* @param s input String which should be checked
* @return false if s cannot be parsed to int or 0 < x < 10
* to check if the int can be part of the sudoku (1-9 only)
*/
private boolean isInt(String s){
try{
int i = Integer.parseInt(s);
if(i < 0 || i > 10){
return false;
}
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* set text of the progrss bar in top of the frame
*
* @param error if error --> text displayed in red, otherwise in black
* @param text text to be displayed
*/
//TODO synchronize
public void setProgressBarText(boolean error, String text){
progressBar.setText(text);
if(error){
progressBar.setForeground(Color.RED);
}else{
progressBar.setForeground(Color.BLACK);
}
}
/**
* Adds a PropertyChangeLsitener to our PropertyChangeSupport
*
* @param listener PropertyChangeListener to be added to PropertyChangeSupport
*/
public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {
pcs.addPropertyChangeListener(listener);
}
/**
* display the sudoku cells
*
* @param cells two-dim int-array containing the number to be displayed
* if "0", nothing ("") is displayed
*/
//TODO synchronize
public void displaySudoku(int[][] cells){
for(int i = 0; i < cells.length; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < cells[i].length; j++){
if(cells[i][j] != 0){
this.cells[i][j].setText(Integer.toString(cells[i][j]));
}else{
this.cells[i][j].setText("");
}
}
}
}
/**
* number of tries, will be displayed in progress bar
*
* @param n ammount of tries
*/
public void setAmmountOfTries(int n){
setProgressBarText(false, Integer.toString(n) + " tries");
}
public int[][] getModel(){
return intCells;
}
}
和
package games.sudoku;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
public class SudokuSolver{
//Sudoku model to be solved
private int[][] model;
private int tries = 1;
private final MyFrame f;
public SudokuSolver() {
f = new MyFrame();
f.addPropertyChangeListener(new PropertyChangeListener() {
@Override
public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {
model = f.getModel();
//TODO check if model is legally
//Try to solve
if(solve(0, 0)){
}else{
//Model is not solvable
f.setProgressBarText(true, "Sudoku cannot be solved!");
}
}
});
}
/**
* recursive method to solve the sudoku via backtracking
*
* @param row
* @param col
* @return true if a possible solution was found, otherwise false
*/
public boolean solve(int row, int col){
//Update GUI
f.displaySudoku(model);
f.setAmmountOfTries(tries);
tries++;
//Change column if all rows of it are filled
if(row == 9){
row = 0;
if(++col == 9){
return true;
}
}
//Skip non-empty cell
if(model[row][col] != 0){
return solve(row+1, col);
}
//Solve
for(int num = 1; num < 10; num++){
if(isValid(row, col, num)){
model[row][col] = num;
if(solve(row+1, col)){
return true;
}
}
}
//Reset
model[row][col] = 0;
return false;
}
/**
* check if a number can be filled in in position [row][col]
*
* @param row
* @param col
* @param num number to be filled in
* @return true if number is legal, otherwise false
*/
private boolean isValid(int row, int col, int num){
//Check row and column
for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++){
if(num == model[row][i] || num == model[i][col]){
return false;
}
}
//Check box
row = (row / 3) * 3 ;
col = (col / 3) * 3 ;
for(int r = 0; r < 3; r++){
for(int c = 0; c < 3; c++){
if(model[row+r][col+c] == num){
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
}
答案 0 :(得分：2)
您似乎在Swing事件线程上进行长时间运行的递归调用，这将导致您的GUI冻结。在这种情况下的解决方案是执行您似乎主动避免的操作：使用SwingWorker创建后台线程并在此后台线程中运行递归代码。同步无济于事，所以不要吠叫那棵树。你声明你不能以递归方式调用SwingWorker，但你不必这样做;您可以从SwingWorker中启动递归调用，然后通过done方法返回最终结果或通过发布/处理方法对将其生成的数据输出到GUI，以显示SwingWorker运行时的临时输出。
有关详情，请查看Lesson: Concurrency in Swing。
至于边框，我会在一个3 x 3 GridLayout中嵌入9个JPanels，在小型JPanel内使用细线边框，在较小JPanel外部使用较粗线边框。
例如（仅限布局和边框）：
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.*;
public class SimpleSudokuPanel extends JPanel {
private static final int PANEL_THICKNESS = 2;
private static final int TF_THICKNESS = 1;
private static final int TF_COLS = 2;
private static final float TF_PTS = 36f;
private JTextField[][] grid = new JTextField[9][9];
public SimpleSudokuPanel() {
JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 3));
JPanel[] innerPanels = new JPanel[9];
for (int i = 0; i < innerPanels.length; i++) {
innerPanels[i] = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 3));
innerPanels[i].setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.black, PANEL_THICKNESS));
mainPanel.add(innerPanels[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < grid.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < grid[i].length; j++) {
grid[i][j] = new JTextField(TF_COLS);
grid[i][j].setFont(grid[i][j].getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, TF_PTS));
grid[i][j].setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.black, TF_THICKNESS));
grid[i][j].setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
int panelIndex = 3 * (i / 3) + j / 3;
innerPanels[panelIndex].add(grid[i][j]);
}
}
setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.black, PANEL_THICKNESS));
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(mainPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
private static void createAndShowGui() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("SimpleSudokuPanel");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.getContentPane().add(new SimpleSudokuPanel());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> createAndShowGui());
}
}