qi%运算符使用(1)分隔符属性和(2)接受尾随分隔符

时间:2016-05-28 06:04:18

标签: c++ boost boost-spirit boost-spirit-qi

摆弄我的解析器的一些奇怪的行为我终于找到了qi%并不像我期望的那样完全表现。

第一期:在冗长的文档中,%b被描述为>>的快捷方式*(b>> a)。但实际上并非如此。如果您接受丢弃的b,则仅保留。

说simple_id是任何解析器。然后实际

simple_id % lit(";") 

相同
simple_id % some_sophisticated_attribute_emitting_parser_expression

因为在任何情况下都会丢弃右侧表达式(即不会对任何属性做出贡献)。详细说明:第一个表达式的行为与(例如)完全相同:

simple_id % string(";")

因此,如果某些约束成立,则string()在语义上等效于lit(),即两者都存在于%的rh操作数的域中。这是我的第一个问题:你认为这是一个错误吗?或者它是一个功能?我在邮件列表上讨论了这个问题并得到了答案,这是一个功能,因为这种行为是记录在案的(如果你深入了解文档的详细信息)。如果你这样做,你会发现他们是对的。

我想成为这个图书馆的用户。我发现在更高的语法水平上,qi很容易。但是如果你得到位和字节以及迭代器位置,生活就会变得艰难。在某一点上,我决定不再信任并追查到qi代码。

我花了几分钟时间来追踪我在qi内的问题。一旦在屏幕上显示了负责任的代码(list.hpp),我很明显,qi%还有另一个问题。这是qi%

的确切语义
a % b <- a >> *(b >> a) >> -(b)

在单词中:它接受一个尾随b(并使用它),即使它后面没有a。这绝对没有记录。为了好玩,我调查了%的X3实现。该错误已经迁移并在那里发生。

以下是我的问题:我的分析是否正确?如果是这样,你使用什么解析器库?你能推荐一个吗?如果我错了,我在哪里失败了?

我发布这些问题是因为我不是唯一一个苦苦挣扎的人。我希望这里提供的信息是有用的。

下面是一个独立的工作示例,演示了这两个问题的问题和解决方案。如果您运行该示例,请特别查看第二个测试。它显示消耗尾随的百分比; (我想不应该这样做。)

我的环境:MSVC 2015,目标:Win32控制台,Boost 1.6.1

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// This is a self-contained demo which compiles with MSVC 2015 to Win32
// console. Therefore it should compile with any modern compiler. :)
//
//
// This demo implements a new qi operator != which does the same as %
// does but without eating up the delimiters (unless they are non-output
// i.e. lit).
//
// The implementation also shows how to fix a bug which makes the current
// qi % operator eat a trailing b. The current implementation accepts 
// a >> *(b >> a) >> -(b).
//
//
// I utilize the not_equal_to proto::tag for the alternative % operation
// See the simple rules to compare both operators.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//#define BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG
#include <io.h>
#include <map>
#include <boost/spirit/repository/include/qi_confix.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>

// Change the result type to test containers etc.
// You may need to provide an << ostream operator to have output work
using result_type = std::string;

using iterator_type = std::string::const_iterator;

namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
namespace mpl = boost::mpl;
namespace proto = boost::proto;

namespace maxence { namespace parser {
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  The skipper grammar (just skip this section while reading ;)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <typename Iterator>
struct skipper : qi::grammar<Iterator>
{
    skipper() : skipper::base_type(start)
    {
        qi::char_type char_;
        using boost::spirit::eol;
        using boost::spirit::repository::confix;

        ascii::space_type space;

        start =
            space                               // tab/space/cr/lf
            | confix("/*", "*/")[*(char_ - "*/")] // C-style comments
            | confix("//", eol)[*(char_ - eol)] // C++-style comments
            ;
    }

    qi::rule<Iterator> start;
};
}}

namespace boost { namespace spirit {
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Enablers
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        template <>
        struct use_operator<qi::domain, proto::tag::not_equal_to> // enables p != d
            : mpl::true_ {};
}}
namespace ascii = boost::spirit::ascii;

namespace boost { namespace spirit { namespace qi
{
    template <typename Left, typename Right>
    struct list_ex : binary_parser<list_ex<Left, Right> >
    {
        typedef Left left_type;
        typedef Right right_type;

        template <typename Context, typename Iterator>
        struct attribute
        {
            // Build a std::vector from the LHS's attribute. Note
            // that build_std_vector may return unused_type if the
            // subject's attribute is an unused_type.
            typedef typename
                traits::build_std_vector<
                typename traits::
                attribute_of<Left, Context, Iterator>::type
                >::type
                type;
        };

        list_ex(Left const& left_, Right const& right_)
            : left(left_), right(right_) {}


/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// code from qi % operator
//
// Note: The original qi code accepts a >> *(b >> a) >> -(b)
//       That means a trailing delimiter gets consumed
//
//              template <typename F>
//              bool parse_container(F f) const
//              {
//                  // in order to succeed we need to match at least one element 
//                  if (f(left)) return false;
//                  typename F::iterator_type save = f.f.first;
//
//                  // The while clause below is wrong
//                  // To correct that (not eat trailing delimiters) it should read: 
//                  //  while (!(!right.parse(f.f.first, f.f.last, f.f.context, f.f.skipper, unused) && f(left)))
//                  
//                  while (right.parse(f.f.first, f.f.last, f.f.context, f.f.skipper, unused)   <--- issue!
//                      && !f(left))
//                  {
//                      save = f.f.first;
//                  }
// 
//                  f.f.first = save;
//              return true;
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// replacement to allow operator not to "eat up" the "delimiter"
//
        template <typename F>
        bool parse_container(F f) const
        {
            // in order to succeed we need to match at least one element 
            if (f(left)) return false;

            while (!(f(right) && f(left)));

            return true;
        }
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

        template <typename Iterator, typename Context
            , typename Skipper, typename Attribute>
            bool parse(Iterator& first, Iterator const& last
                , Context& context, Skipper const& skipper
                , Attribute& attr_) const
        {
            typedef detail::fail_function<Iterator, Context, Skipper>
                fail_function;

            // ensure the attribute is actually a container type
            traits::make_container(attr_);

            Iterator iter = first;
            fail_function f(iter, last, context, skipper);
            if (!parse_container(detail::make_pass_container(f, attr_)))
                return false;

            first = f.first;
            return true;
        }

        template <typename Context>
        info what(Context& context) const
        {
            return info("list_ex",
                std::make_pair(left.what(context), right.what(context)));
        }

        Left left;
        Right right;
    };

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Parser generators: make_xxx function (objects)
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    template <typename Elements, typename Modifiers>
    struct make_composite<proto::tag::not_equal_to, Elements, Modifiers>
        : make_binary_composite<Elements, list_ex>
    {};
}}}

namespace boost {   namespace spirit {  namespace traits {
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    template <typename Left, typename Right>
    struct has_semantic_action<qi::list_ex<Left, Right> >
        : binary_has_semantic_action<Left, Right> {};

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    template <typename Left, typename Right, typename Attribute
        , typename Context, typename Iterator>
        struct handles_container<qi::list_ex<Left, Right>, Attribute, Context
        , Iterator>
        : mpl::true_ {};
}}}

using rule_type = qi::rule <iterator_type, result_type(), maxence::parser::skipper<iterator_type>>;

namespace maxence { namespace parser {

    template <typename Iterator>
    struct ident : qi::grammar < Iterator, result_type() , skipper<Iterator >>
    {
        ident();
        rule_type not_equal_to, modulus, not_used;
    };

    // we actually don't need the start rule (see below)
    template <typename Iterator>
    ident<Iterator>::ident() : ident::base_type(not_equal_to)
    {
        not_equal_to = (qi::alpha | '_') >> *(qi::alnum | '_') != qi::char_(";");
        modulus = (qi::alpha | '_') >> *(qi::alnum | '_') % qi::char_(";");
        modulus.name("qi modulus operator");

        BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODES(
            (not_equal_to)
        )
    }
}}


int main()
{
    namespace parser = maxence::parser;

    using rule_map_type = std::map<std::string, rule_type&>;
    using rule_iterator_type = std::map<std::string, rule_type&>::const_iterator;
    using ss_map_type = std::map<std::string, std::string>;
    using ss_iterator_type = ss_map_type::const_iterator;


    parser::ident<iterator_type> ident;
    parser::skipper<iterator_type> skipper;

    ss_map_type parser_input =
    {
        { "; delimited list without trailing delimiter \n(expected result: success, EOI reached)", "willy; anton" },
        { "; delimited list with trailing delimiter \n(expected result: success, EOI not reached)", "willy; anton;" }
    };
    rule_map_type rules =
    {
        { "E1", ident.not_equal_to },
        { "E2", ident.modulus }
    };

    for (ss_iterator_type input = parser_input.begin(); input != parser_input.end(); input++) {
        for (rule_iterator_type example = rules.begin(); example != rules.end(); example++) {
            std::string to_parse = input->second;
            ::result_type result;
            std::string parser_name = (example->second).name();
            std::cout << "--------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
            std::cout << "Description: " << input->first << std::endl;
            std::cout << "Parser [" << parser_name << "] parsing [" << to_parse << "]" << std::endl;
            auto b(to_parse.begin()), e(to_parse.end());

            bool success = qi::phrase_parse(b, e, (example)->second, skipper, result);

            // --- test for parser success
            if (success) std::cout << "Parser succeeded. Result: " << result << std::endl;
            else std::cout << " Parser failed. " << std::endl;

            //--- test for EOI
            if (b == e) {
                std::cout << "EOI reached.";
            } else {
                std::cout << "Failure: EOI not reached. Remaining: [";
                while (b != e) std::cout << *b++; std::cout << "]";
            }
            std::cout << std::endl << "--------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

扩展程序:由于评论我延长了帖子:

My!=运算符与%运算符不同。 !=运算符会添加所有&#39;分隔符&#39;找到结果向量。 (a!= qi :: char _(&#34 ;;,&#34;))。将我的提案介绍给%会丢弃有用的功能。

也许有理由引入额外的运营商。我想我应该使用另一个操作员,!=伤害我的眼睛。无论如何,!=运算符也有很好的应用程序。例如:

settings_list = name != expression;

我认为%不会吃掉尾随的分隔符是错误的。我上面的代码示例似乎证明了这一点。无论如何,我剥离了这个例子,只关注那个问题。现在我知道失踪了;我正愉快地坐在Carribean的某个地方,有一个Caipirinha。比被吃掉更好。 :)

以下示例会使用尾随的分隔符,因为它并不是真正的尾随。问题是我的测试字符串。 Kleene明星在最后一场之后有一场零比赛;因此它被吃掉了,这是正确的行为。

我在这次旅行中学到了很多关于气的知识。不仅仅来自文档。最重要的经验教训:仔细塑造您的测试用例。 A在没有想到的情况下从一些例子做了快速复制和粘贴。这引入了问题。

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>


namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
using iterator_type = std::string::const_iterator;
using result_type = std::string;

template <typename Parser>
void parse(const std::string message, const std::string& input, const Parser& parser)
{
    iterator_type iter = input.begin(), end = input.end();

    std::vector<result_type> parsed_result;

    std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
    std::cout << message << "\n";
    std::cout << "Parsing: \"" << input << "\"\n";

    bool result = qi::phrase_parse(iter, end, parser, qi::space, parsed_result);
    if (result)
    {
        std::cout << "Parser succeeded.\n";
        std::cout << "Parsed " << parsed_result.size() << " elements:";
        for (const auto& str : parsed_result)
            std::cout << "[" << str << "]";
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Something failed. Unparsed: \"" << std::string(iter, end) << "\"" << std::endl;
    }
    if (iter == end) {
        std::cout << "EOI reached." << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "EOI not reached. Unparsed: \"" << std::string(iter, end) << "\"" << std::endl;
    }
    std::cout << "-------------------------\n";

}

int main()
{

    auto r1 = (*(qi::alpha | '_')) % qi::char_(";");
    auto r2 = qi::as_string[*(qi::alpha | '_')] % qi::char_(";");

    parse("% eating the trailing delimiter 'delimiter'",  
        "willy; anton; 1234", r1);
    parse("% eating the trailing 'delimiter' (limited as_string edition)'",
        "willy; anton; 1234", r2);

    return 0;
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

以下是所有问题的答案。

(1)我的分析不正确。 %运算符不会使用尾随&#39;分隔符&#39;。真正的问题是解析规则是一个Kleene星级规则。匹配的此规则在最后一个“分隔符”之后找不到标识符,但它匹配为零。所以%完全可以使用&#39; delimiter&#39;。

(2)我目前不是在寻找一种气。

(3)%的当前实施不会丢弃&#39; a b的b。如果你有契约

simple_id % some_sophisticated_attribute_emitting_parser_expression

然后复杂的东西(可能是动态的(如char _(&#34; + - * /&#34;))必须匹配%才能继续。我建议的更改为%将破坏此功能。

让%=(见下文)的操作类似%,你必须使用(a%= qi :: omit [b])。这几乎完全模仿了%b。差异仍然是%=故意吃掉后面的分隔符&#39;。在下面的代码中有一个例子。 因此%=不能作为%的超集。

如果qi应该由提供我所要求的功能的运营商扩展,那么我不想推广。关于解析器功能,qi易于扩展,因此您可以根据自己的喜好生成其他解析器。

编译器对qi 2.x对auto过敏是另一个话题。更复杂。我从未想过,尤其是我在MSVC 2015环境中的生活将会处于非崩溃的一面。

无论如何,我欠你的原因让我如此愚蠢地坚持下去。下面的代码为qi提供了%=运算符(modulus_assign)的实现。它作为list2实现,位于mxc :: qitoo命名空间中。如果有人发现它有价值并且想要使用它,我标记了标题的开头和结尾。

主要功能是展示两个运营商之间的共同点和差异的展示案例。再次展示Kleene明星是野生动物。

#include <iostream>
#include <map>


///////////////////////////
// start: header list2.hpp
///////////////////////////

#pragma once

#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>

namespace boost {
    namespace spirit {
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Enablers
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        template <>
        struct use_operator<qi::domain, proto::tag::modulus_assign> // enables p %= d
            : mpl::true_ {};
    }
}

namespace mxc {
    namespace qitoo {

        namespace spirit = boost::spirit;
        namespace qi = spirit::qi;

        template <typename Left, typename Right>
        struct list2 : qi::binary_parser<list2<Left, Right> >
        {
            typedef Left left_type;
            typedef Right right_type;

            template <typename Context, typename Iterator>
            struct attribute
            {
                // Build a std::vector from the LHS's and RHS's attribute. Note
                // that build_std_vector may return unused_type if the
                // subject's attribute is an unused_type.
                typedef typename
                    spirit::traits::build_std_vector<
                    typename spirit::traits::attribute_of<Left, Context, Iterator>::type>::type type;
            };

            list2(Left const& left_, Right const& right_) : left(left_), right(right_) {}

            template <typename F>
            bool parse_container(F f) const
            {
                typename F::iterator_type save = f.f.first;

                // we need a first left match at least
                if (f(left)) return false;

                // if right does not match rewind iterator and fail
                if (f(right)) {
                    f.f.first = save;
                    return false;
                }

                // easy going
                while (!f(left) && !f(right))
                {
                    save = f.f.first;
                }

                f.f.first = save;
                return true;
            }

            template <typename Iterator, typename Context, typename Skipper, typename Attribute>
            bool parse(Iterator& first, Iterator const& last, Context& context, Skipper const& skipper, Attribute& attr_) const
            {
                typedef qi::detail::fail_function<Iterator, Context, Skipper>
                    fail_function;

                // ensure the attribute is actually a container type
                spirit::traits::make_container(attr_);

                Iterator iter = first;
                fail_function f(iter, last, context, skipper);
                if (!parse_container(qi::detail::make_pass_container(f, attr_)))
                    return false;

                first = f.first;
                return true;
            }

            template <typename Context>
            qi::info what(Context& context) const
            {
                return qi::info("list2",
                    std::make_pair(left.what(context), right.what(context)));
            }

            Left left;
            Right right;
        };
    }
}

namespace boost {
    namespace spirit {
        namespace qi {
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            // Parser generators: make_xxx function (objects)
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            template <typename Elements, typename Modifiers>
            struct make_composite<proto::tag::modulus_assign, Elements, Modifiers>
                : make_binary_composite<Elements, mxc::qitoo::list2>
            {};
        }

        namespace traits
        {
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            template <typename Left, typename Right>
            struct has_semantic_action<mxc::qitoo::list2<Left, Right> >
                : binary_has_semantic_action<Left, Right> {};

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            template <typename Left, typename Right, typename Attribute
                , typename Context, typename Iterator>
                struct handles_container<mxc::qitoo::list2<Left, Right>, Attribute, Context
                , Iterator>
                : mpl::true_ {};
        }
    }
}
///////////////////////////
// end: header list2.hpp
///////////////////////////

namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
namespace qitoo = mxc::qitoo;

using iterator_type = std::string::const_iterator;
using result_type = std::string;

template <typename Parser>
void parse(const std::string message, const std::string& input, const std::string& rule, const Parser& parser)
{
    iterator_type iter = input.begin(), end = input.end();

    std::vector<result_type> parsed_result;

    std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
    std::cout << message << "\n";
    std::cout << "Rule: " << rule << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Parsing: \"" << input << "\"\n";

    bool result = qi::phrase_parse(iter, end, parser, qi::space, parsed_result);
    if (result)
    {
        std::cout << "Parser succeeded.\n";
        std::cout << "Parsed " << parsed_result.size() << " elements:";
        for (const auto& str : parsed_result)
            std::cout << "[" << str << "]";
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Parser failed" << std::endl;
    }
    if (iter == end) {
        std::cout << "EOI reached." << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "EOI not reached. Unparsed: \"" << std::string(iter, end) << "\"" << std::endl;
    }
    std::cout << "-------------------------\n";

}

int main()
{
    parse("Modulus-Assign Operator (%), list with several different 'delimiters'  "
        , "willy; anton; frank, joel, 1234"
        , "(+(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_'))) % qi::char_(\";,\"))"
        , (+(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_'))) % qi::char_(";,"));

    parse("Modulus-Assign Operator (%=), list with several different 'delimiters'  "
        , "willy; anton; frank, joel, 1234"
        , "(+(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_'))) %= qi::char_(\";,\"))"
        , (+(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_'))) %= qi::char_(";,"));

    parse("Modulus-Assign Operator (%), list with several different 'delimiters'  "
        , "willy; anton; frank, joel, 1234"
        , "((qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) >> *(qi::alnum | '_')) % qi::char_(\";,\"))"
        , ((qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) >> *(qi::alnum | '_')) % qi::char_(";,"));

    parse("Modulus-Assign Operator (%=), list with several different 'delimiters'  "
        , "willy; anton; frank, joel, 1234"
        , "((qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) >> *(qi::alnum | '_')) %= qi::char_(\";,\"))"
        , ((qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) >> *(qi::alnum | '_')) %= qi::char_(";,"));

    std::cout << std::endl << "Note that %= exposes the trailing 'delimiter' and it has to to enable this usage:" << std::endl;

    parse("Modulus-Assign Operator (%=), list with several different 'delimiters'\n using omit to mimic %"
        , "willy; anton; frank, joel, 1234"
        , "+(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) %= qi::omit[qi::char_(\";,\"))]"
        , +(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) %= qi::omit[qi::char_(";,")]);

    parse("Modulus Operator (%), list of assignments (x = digits;)\nBe careful with the Kleene star, Eugene!"
        , "x = 5; y = 7; z = 10; = 7;"
        , "*(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) %= (qi::lit(\"=\") >> +qi::digit >> qi::lit(';')))"
        , *(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) %= (qi::lit("=") >> +qi::digit >> qi::lit(';')));

    parse("Modulus-Assign Operator (%=), list of assignments (*bio hazard edition*)\nBe careful with the Kleene star, Eugene!"
        , "x = 5; y = 7; z = 10; = 7;"
        , "*(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) %= (qi::lit(\"=\") >> +qi::digit >> qi::lit(';')))"
        , *(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) %= (qi::lit("=") >> +qi::digit >> qi::lit(';')));

    parse("Modulus-Assign Operator (%=), list of assignments (x = digits;)\nBe careful with the Kleene star, Eugene!"
        , "x = 5; y = 7; z = 10; = 7;"
        , "+(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) %= (qi::lit(\"=\") >> +qi::digit >> qi::lit(';')))"
        , +(qi::alpha | qi::char_('_')) %= (qi::lit("=") >> +qi::digit >> qi::lit(';')));
    return 0;
}