openssl_encrypt()随机失败 - IV传递的只有$ {x}个字节长,cipher期望一个精确到16字节的IV

时间:2016-05-25 14:21:35

标签: php encryption aes encryption-symmetric php-openssl

这是我用来加密/解密数据的代码:

// Set the method
$method = 'AES-128-CBC';

// Set the encryption key
$encryption_key = 'myencryptionkey';

// Generet a random initialisation vector
$iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length($method));

// Define the date to be encrypted
$data = "Encrypt me, please!";

var_dump("Before encryption: $data");

// Encrypt the data
$encrypted = openssl_encrypt($data, $method, $encryption_key, 0, $iv);

var_dump("Encrypted: ${encrypted}");

// Append the vector at the end of the encrypted string
$encrypted = $encrypted . ':' . $iv;

// Explode the string using the `:` separator.
$parts = explode(':', $encrypted);

// Decrypt the data
$decrypted = openssl_decrypt($parts[0], $method, $encryption_key, 0, $parts[1]);

var_dump("Decrypted: ${decrypted}");

它ususaly工作正常,但有时(十分之一,甚至更少)它失败了。当它失败时,文本只是部分加密:

发生这是错误消息:

Warning: openssl_decrypt(): IV passed is only 10 bytes long, cipher expects an IV of precisely 16 bytes, padding with \0

当它发生时,加密文本看起来像:

Encrypt me���L�se!

我认为它可能是由PHP中的错误引起的,但我已经在不同的主机上测试过:PHP 7.0.6和PHP 5.6。我还尝试了多个在线PHP解析器,如phpfidle.org或3v4l.org。

似乎openssl_random_pseudo_bytes并不总是返回一个适当长度的字符串,但我不知道为什么。

以下是示例:https://3v4l.org/RZV8d

继续刷新页面,你会在某个时候得到错误。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:11)

当您生成随机IV时,您会得到raw binary。二进制字符串将包含:\0字符的非零机会,您将其用于将IV与密文分开。这样做会使explode()给你一个更短的字符串。演示:https://3v4l.org/3ObfJ

简单的解决方案是在此过程中添加base64编码/解码。

那就是please don't roll your own crypto。特别是unauthenticated encryption is dangerousthere are already secure libraries that solve this problem

不要自己编写,而是考虑使用defuse/php-encryption。这是安全的选择。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

这是解决方案

我已经更新了第一篇文章中的代码并将其包装在一个类中。这是基于 Scott Arciszewski 提供的解决方案的固定代码。

class Encryptor
{

    /**
     * Holds the Encryptor instance
     * @var Encryptor
     */
    private static $instance;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $method;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $key;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $separator;

    /**
     * Encryptor constructor.
     */
    private function __construct()
    {
        $app = App::getInstance();
        $this->method = $app->getConfig('encryption_method');
        $this->key = $app->getConfig('encryption_key');
        $this->separator = ':';
    }

    private function __clone()
    {
    }

    /**
     * Returns an instance of the Encryptor class or creates the new instance if the instance is not created yet.
     * @return Encryptor
     */
    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if (self::$instance === null) {
            self::$instance = new Encryptor();
        }
        return self::$instance;
    }

    /**
     * Generates the initialization vector
     * @return string
     */
    private function getIv()
    {
        return openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length($this->method));
    }

    /**
     * @param string $data
     * @return string
     */
    public function encrypt($data)
    {
        $iv = $this->getIv();
        return base64_encode(openssl_encrypt($data, $this->method, $this->key, 0, $iv) . $this->separator . base64_encode($iv));
    }

    /**
     * @param string $dataAndVector
     * @return string
     */
    public function decrypt($dataAndVector)
    {
        $parts = explode($this->separator, base64_decode($dataAndVector));
        // $parts[0] = encrypted data
        // $parts[1] = initialization vector
        return openssl_decrypt($parts[0], $this->method, $this->key, 0, base64_decode($parts[1]));
    }

}

用法

$encryptor = Encryptor::getInstance();

$encryptedData = $encryptor->encrypt('Encrypt me please!');
var_dump($encryptedData);

$decryptedData = $encryptor->decrypt($encryptedData);
var_dump($decryptedData);

答案 2 :(得分:0)

这也发生在我身上。我遇到类似的错误

openssl_decrypt(): IV passed is only 14 bytes long, cipher expects an IV of precisely 16 bytes, padding with \0

我使用的是openssl_cipher_iv_length('aes-128-cbc')之类的小写方法

小写aes- - 方法给出的长度结果在12到16之间变化。Ref:https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.openssl-cipher-iv-length.php

将方法设为大写openssl_cipher_iv_length('AES-128-CBC')将得到一致的值16。

因此,在加密和解密时,IV长度保持与16相同。