在Java程序中,我使用带有Formatter.format()
函数的String,我从服务器获取该函数。我无法确定要格式化的String
是否具有占位符或有效数量。如果它String
不符合预期,我想抛出异常 - 或以某种方式记录它。
此时我并不关心占位符的类型(String
,Integer
,...),我只想获得每个String的预期参数数量。
实现这一目标的最简单方法是什么?一种方法可能是使用正则表达式,但我在想是否有更方便的东西 - 例如内置函数。
以下是一些例子:
Example String | number of placeholders:
%d of %d | 2
This is my %s | 1
A simple content. | 0
This is 100% | 0
Hi! My name is %s and I have %d dogs and a %d cats. | 3
编辑: 如果没有足够的提供参数,Formatter.format()会抛出异常。我有可能获得没有占位符的字符串。在这种情况下,即使我提供了参数(将被省略),也不会抛出异常(尽管我想抛出一个异常),只返回String值。我需要向服务器报告错误。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
您可以使用正则表达式来定义占位符的格式,以计算字符串中的匹配总数。
// %[argument_index$][flags][width][.precision][t]conversion
String formatSpecifier
= "%(\\d+\\$)?([-#+ 0,(\\<]*)?(\\d+)?(\\.\\d+)?([tT])?([a-zA-Z%])";
// The pattern that defines a placeholder
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(formatSpecifier);
// The String to test
String[] values = {
"%d of %d",
"This is my %s",
"A simple content.",
"This is 100%", "Hi! My name is %s and I have %d dogs and a %d cats."
};
// Iterate over the Strings to test
for (String value : values) {
// Build the matcher for a given String
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
// Count the total amount of matches in the String
int counter = 0;
while (matcher.find()) {
counter++;
}
// Print the result
System.out.printf("%s=%d%n", value, counter);
}
<强>输出:强>
%d of %d=2
This is my %s=1
A simple content.=0
This is 100%=0
Hi! My name is %s and I have %d dogs and a %d cats.=3
答案 1 :(得分:2)
我修改了String.format()
的代码。结果如下:
private static final String formatSpecifier
= "%(\\d+\\$)?([-#+ 0,(\\<]*)?(\\d+)?(\\.\\d+)?([tT])?([a-zA-Z%])";
private static Pattern fsPattern = Pattern.compile(formatSpecifier);
private static int parse(String s) {
int count = 0;
Matcher m = fsPattern.matcher(s);
for (int i = 0, len = s.length(); i < len; ) {
if (m.find(i)) {
// Anything between the start of the string and the beginning
// of the format specifier is either fixed text or contains
// an invalid format string.
if (m.start() != i) {
// Make sure we didn't miss any invalid format specifiers
checkText(s, i, m.start());
// Assume previous characters were fixed text
}
count++;
i = m.end();
} else {
// No more valid format specifiers. Check for possible invalid
// format specifiers.
checkText(s, i, len);
// The rest of the string is fixed text
break;
}
}
return count;
}
private static void checkText(String s, int start, int end) {
for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
// Any '%' found in the region starts an invalid format specifier.
if (s.charAt(i) == '%') {
char c = (i == end - 1) ? '%' : s.charAt(i + 1);
throw new UnknownFormatConversionException(String.valueOf(c));
}
}
}
测试:
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(parse("Hello %s, My name is %s. I am %d years old."));
}
输出:
3