在python numpy数组中指定每个对象的dtype

时间:2010-09-16 13:56:05

标签: python arrays numpy scipy

以下代码段创建了一个“典型的测试数组”,此数组的目的是测试程序中的各种事物。有没有办法或甚至可以改变数组中元素的类型?

import numpy as np
import random
from random import uniform, randrange, choice

# ... bunch of silly code ...

def gen_test_array( ua, low_inc, med_inc, num_of_vectors ):
  #typical_array = [ zone_id, ua, inc, veh, pop, hh, with_se, is_cbd, re, se=0, oe]
  typical_array = np.zeros( shape = ( num_of_vectors, 11 ) )

  for i in range( 0, num_of_vectors ):
    typical_array[i] = [i, int( ua ), uniform( low_inc / 2, med_inc * 2 ), uniform( 0, 6 ),
                        randrange( 100, 5000 ), randrange( 100, 500 ),
                        choice( [True, False] ), choice( [True, False] ),
                        randrange( 100, 5000 ), randrange( 100, 5000 ),
                        randrange( 100, 5000 ) ]

  return typical_array

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:9)

在numpy中执行此操作的方法是使用structured array

但是,在许多使用异构数据的情况下,一个简单的python列表是很多更好的选择。 (或者,虽然在编写这个答案时没有广泛使用,pandas.DataFrame绝对是这种情况的理想选择。)

无论如何,上面给出的示例将完美地作为“普通”numpy数组。你可以在你给出的例子中把所有东西都变成浮点数。 (除了两列浮点数之外,所有内容似乎都是一个整数... bool可以很容易地表示为整数。)

尽管如此,为了说明使用结构化的dtypes ......

import numpy as np

ua = 5 # No idea what "ua" is in your code above...
low_inc, med_inc = 0.5, 2.0 # Again, no idea what these are...

num = 100
num_fields = 11

# Use more descriptive names than "col1"! I'm just generating the names as placeholders
dtype = {'names':['col%i'%i for i in range(num_fields)],
                 'formats':2*[np.int] + 2*[np.float] + 2*[np.int] + 2*[np.bool] + 3*[np.int]}
data = np.zeros(num, dtype=dtype)

# Being rather verbose...
data['col0'] = np.arange(num, dtype=np.int)
data['col1'] = int(ua) * np.ones(num)
data['col2'] = np.random.uniform(low_inc / 2, med_inc * 2, num)
data['col3'] = np.random.uniform(0, 6, num)
data['col4'] = np.random.randint(100, 5000, num)
data['col5'] = np.random.randint(100, 500, num)
data['col6'] = np.random.randint(0, 2, num).astype(np.bool)
data['col7'] = np.random.randint(0, 2, num).astype(np.bool)
data['col8'] = np.random.randint(100, 5000, num)
data['col9'] = np.random.randint(100, 5000, num)
data['col10'] = np.random.randint(100, 5000, num)

print data

产生一个包含11个字段的100个元素的数组:

array([ (0, 5, 2.0886534380436226, 3.0111285613794276, 3476, 117, False, False, 4704, 4372, 4062),
       (1, 5, 2.0977199579338115, 1.8687472941590277, 4635, 496, True, False, 4079, 4263, 3196),
       ...
       ...
       (98, 5, 1.1682309811443277, 1.4100766819689299, 1213, 135, False, False, 1250, 2534, 1160),
       (99, 5, 1.746554619056416, 5.210411489007637, 1387, 352, False, False, 3520, 3772, 3249)], 
      dtype=[('col0', '<i8'), ('col1', '<i8'), ('col2', '<f8'), ('col3', '<f8'), ('col4', '<i8'), ('col5', '<i8'), ('col6', '|b1'), ('col7', '|b1'), ('col8', '<i8'), ('col9', '<i8'), ('col10', '<i8')])

答案 1 :(得分:4)

引用the NumPy reference:

第1章的第一行
NumPy provides an N-dimensional array type, the ndarray, which describes a collection of “items” of the same type.

因此数组的每个成员都必须属于同一类型。与常规Python列表相比,这里失去了一般性,是允许对数组进行高速操作的权衡:循环可以在不测试每个成员类型的情况下运行。