我在几个简单的情况下使用数据绑定并取得了相当不错的成功。通常我只使用INotifyPropertyChanged来启用我的代码隐藏来修改屏幕上的GUI值,而不是为所有内容实现依赖属性。
我正在使用LED控件来了解有关用户控件中数据绑定的更多信息,并被迫使用依赖属性,因为VS2008告诉我必须这样做。我的应用程序很简单 - 我有一个窗口,显示几个LED控件,每个控件上面都有一个数字,可选择一个控件。 LED应该可以使用默认颜色进行定义,以及更改状态。
我开始写一个LED控制器,看起来非常好。首先,我开始使用这样的代码:
LED.xaml
<UserControl x:Class="LEDControl.LED"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Height="Auto" Width="Auto">
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<!-- LED portion -->
<Ellipse Grid.Column="0" Margin="3" Height="{Binding LEDSize}" Width="{Binding LEDSize}" Fill="{Binding LEDColor}" StrokeThickness="2" Stroke="DarkGray" />
<Ellipse Grid.Column="0" Margin="3" Height="{Binding LEDSize}" Width="{Binding LEDSize}">
<Ellipse.Fill>
<RadialGradientBrush GradientOrigin="0.5,1.0">
<RadialGradientBrush.RelativeTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<ScaleTransform CenterX="0.5" CenterY="0.5" ScaleX="1.5" ScaleY="1.5"/>
<TranslateTransform X="0.02" Y="0.3"/>
</TransformGroup>
</RadialGradientBrush.RelativeTransform>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="#00000000"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.4" Color="#FFFFFFFF"/>
</RadialGradientBrush>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<!-- label -->
<TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Margin="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding LEDLabel}" />
</Grid>
</UserControl>
这样可以很好地吸收LED。然后我像我一样设置this.DataContext = this
将LEDSize,LEDLabel和LEDColor绑定到Ellipse属性:
LED.xaml.cs
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for LED.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class LED : UserControl, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
private Brush state_color_;
public Brush LEDColor
{
get { return state_color_; }
set {
state_color_ = value;
OnPropertyChanged( "LEDColor");
}
}
private int led_size_;
public int LEDSize
{
get { return led_size_; }
set {
led_size_ = value;
OnPropertyChanged( "LEDSize");
}
}
private string led_label_;
public string LEDLabel
{
get { return led_label_; }
set {
led_label_ = value;
OnPropertyChanged( "LEDLabel");
}
}
public LED()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.DataContext = this;
}
#region INotifyPropertyChanged Members
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected void OnPropertyChanged( string property_name)
{
if( PropertyChanged != null)
PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( property_name));
}
#endregion
}
此时,我可以更改属性值,并看到LED改变了大小,颜色和标签。太好了!
我希望LED控件可以在我编写的其他小部件中重复使用,下一步是创建另一个UserControl(在单独的程序集中),称为IOView
。 IOView
在这一点上非常基本:
IOView.xaml
<UserControl x:Class="IOWidget.IOView"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:led="clr-namespace:LEDControl;assembly=LEDControl"
Height="Auto" Width="Auto">
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition />
<RowDefinition />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<TextBlock Grid.Row="0" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding Path=Index}" />
<led:LED Grid.Row="1" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" LEDSize="30" LEDColor="Green" LEDLabel="Test" />
</Grid>
</UserControl>
请注意,我可以在设计时修改XAML中的LED属性,一切都按预期工作:
然后我盲目地尝试将LEDColor数据绑定到我的IOView,而VS2008请告诉我 “A'Binding'不能设置在'LED''类型的'LEDColor'属性上。'绑定'可以只能在DependencyObject的DependencyProperty上设置。“ 糟糕!我甚至没有意识到,因为我之前没有制作过自己的GUI控件。由于LEDColor
已经数据绑定到Ellipse,我添加了一个名为Color的DependencyProperty。
LED.xaml.cs
public static DependencyProperty ColorProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "Color", typeof(Brush), typeof(LED));
public Brush Color
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(ColorProperty); }
set {
SetValue( ColorProperty, value);
LEDColor = value;
}
}
请注意,我在setter中设置了属性LEDColor
,因为Ellipse知道它应该是什么颜色。
下一个宝贝步骤涉及通过绑定到IOView.InputColor来设置我的IOView中LED的颜色:
IOView.xaml.cs:
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for IOView.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class IOView : UserControl, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
private Int32 index_;
public Int32 Index
{
get { return index_; }
set {
index_ = value;
OnPropertyChanged( "Index");
}
}
private Brush color_;
public Brush InputColor
{
get { return color_; }
set {
color_ = value;
OnPropertyChanged( "InputColor");
}
}
private Boolean state_;
public Boolean State
{
get { return state_; }
set {
state_ = value;
OnPropertyChanged( "State");
}
}
public IOView()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.DataContext = this;
}
#region INotifyPropertyChanged Members
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected void OnPropertyChanged( string property_name)
{
if( PropertyChanged != null)
PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( property_name));
}
#endregion
}
在IOView.xaml中,我将LED更改为:
<led:LED Grid.Row="1" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" LEDSize="30" Color="{Binding InputColor}" />
但它不起作用,因为输出窗口中出现以下错误:
BindingExpression路径错误:'object'''LED'(Name ='')'上找不到'InputColor'属性。 BindingExpression:路径= InputColor; DataItem ='LED'(Name ='');目标元素是'LED'(Name =''); target属性为'Color'(类型'Brush')
嗯......所以出于某种原因,我的DataBinding搞砸了。我可以通过数据绑定使LED自行工作,但是一旦我将其包装在另一个控件中并设置其datacontext,它就不起作用。我不知道在这一点上要尝试什么。
我希望得到尽可能详细的答案。我知道我可以重新模仿一个CheckBox来获得相同的结果,但这对我来说是一个实验,我试图理解如何数据绑定到控件的后代。
答案 0 :(得分:5)
关于这一切有很多话要说,但是让我看看我是否可以提供解决你的一些误解的指示:
UserControl
内设置DataContext
UserControl
被视为不良做法,因为您的控件的任何消费者都可以更改它,这样做会破坏您控件中的任何绑定取决于那个背景InputColor
未成功绑定时遇到的问题。 InputColor
属性位于主机控件(IOView
)提供的数据上下文中,但LED的数据上下文设置为LED本身,因此如果不对绑定进行限定,则无法找到该属性进一步。遵循此建议会导致以下实施(未经测试):
<强> LED.xaml.cs 强>:
public partial class LED : UserControl
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty LEDColorProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
"LEDColor",
typeof(Brush),
typeof(LED));
public Brush LEDColor
{
get { return this.GetValue(LEDColorProperty) as Brush; }
set { this.SetValue(LEDColorProperty, value); }
}
// LEDSize and LEDLabel omitted for brevity, but they're very similar to LEDColor
public LED()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
<强> LED.xaml 强>:
<UserControl
x:Name="root"
x:Class="LEDControl.LED"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Height="Auto" Width="Auto">
<Grid DataContext="{Binding ElementName=root}>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<!-- LED portion -->
<Ellipse Grid.Column="0" Margin="3" Height="{Binding LEDSize}" Width="{Binding LEDSize}" Fill="{Binding LEDColor}" StrokeThickness="2" Stroke="DarkGray" />
<Ellipse Grid.Column="0" Margin="3" Height="{Binding LEDSize}" Width="{Binding LEDSize}">
<Ellipse.Fill>
<RadialGradientBrush GradientOrigin="0.5,1.0">
<RadialGradientBrush.RelativeTransform>
<TransformGroup>
<ScaleTransform CenterX="0.5" CenterY="0.5" ScaleX="1.5" ScaleY="1.5"/>
<TranslateTransform X="0.02" Y="0.3"/>
</TransformGroup>
</RadialGradientBrush.RelativeTransform>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="#00000000"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.4" Color="#FFFFFFFF"/>
</RadialGradientBrush>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<!-- label -->
<TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Margin="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding LEDLabel}" />
</Grid>
</UserControl>
<强> IOView.xaml 强>:
<UserControl x:Name="root"
x:Class="IOWidget.IOView"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:led="clr-namespace:LEDControl;assembly=LEDControl"
Height="Auto" Width="Auto">
<Grid DataContext="{Binding ElementName=root}">
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition />
<RowDefinition />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<TextBlock Grid.Row="0" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding Path=Index}" />
<led:LED Grid.Row="1" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" LEDSize="{Binding I_Can_Bind_Here_All_I_Like}" LEDColor="{Binding I_Can_Bind_Here_All_I_Like}" LEDLabel="{Binding I_Can_Bind_Here_All_I_Like}" />
</Grid>
</UserControl>