我在tensorflow中找到了两种RNN实现。
第一个实现是this(从第124行到第129行)。它使用循环来定义RNN中输入的每个步骤。
with tf.variable_scope("RNN"):
for time_step in range(num_steps):
if time_step > 0: tf.get_variable_scope().reuse_variables()
(cell_output, state) = cell(inputs[:, time_step, :], state)
outputs.append(cell_output)
states.append(state)
第二个实现是this(从第51行到第70行)。它不使用任何循环来定义RNN中的每个输入步骤。
def RNN(_X, _istate, _weights, _biases):
# input shape: (batch_size, n_steps, n_input)
_X = tf.transpose(_X, [1, 0, 2]) # permute n_steps and batch_size
# Reshape to prepare input to hidden activation
_X = tf.reshape(_X, [-1, n_input]) # (n_steps*batch_size, n_input)
# Linear activation
_X = tf.matmul(_X, _weights['hidden']) + _biases['hidden']
# Define a lstm cell with tensorflow
lstm_cell = rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell(n_hidden, forget_bias=1.0)
# Split data because rnn cell needs a list of inputs for the RNN inner loop
_X = tf.split(0, n_steps, _X) # n_steps * (batch_size, n_hidden)
# Get lstm cell output
outputs, states = rnn.rnn(lstm_cell, _X, initial_state=_istate)
# Linear activation
# Get inner loop last output
return tf.matmul(outputs[-1], _weights['out']) + _biases['out']
在第一个实现中,我发现输入单元与隐藏单元之间没有权重矩阵,只定义隐藏单元到输出单元之间的权重矩阵(从132到133行).. < / p>
output = tf.reshape(tf.concat(1, outputs), [-1, size])
softmax_w = tf.get_variable("softmax_w", [size, vocab_size])
softmax_b = tf.get_variable("softmax_b", [vocab_size])
logits = tf.matmul(output, softmax_w) + softmax_b
但在第二个实现中,两个权重矩阵都已定义(从第42行到第47行)。
weights = {
'hidden': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_input, n_hidden])), # Hidden layer weights
'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden, n_classes]))
}
biases = {
'hidden': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden])),
'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_classes]))
}
我想知道为什么?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我注意到的差异是second implementation中的代码使用tf.nn.rnn,它获取每个时间步的输入列表并生成每个时间步的输出列表。
(输入:输入的长度T列表,每个都是一个形状的张量 [batch_size,input_size]。)
因此,如果你检查第62行第二个实现中的代码,输入数据将被整形为n_steps *(batch_size,n_hidden)
# Split data because rnn cell needs a list of inputs for the RNN inner loop
_X = tf.split(0, n_steps, _X) # n_steps * (batch_size, n_hidden)
在1st implementation中,他们循环遍历n_time_steps并提供输入并获取相应的输出并存储在输出列表中。
outputs = []
state = self._initial_state
with tf.variable_scope("RNN"):
for time_step in range(num_steps):
if time_step > 0: tf.get_variable_scope().reuse_variables()
(cell_output, state) = cell(inputs[:, time_step, :], state)
outputs.append(cell_output)
来到你的第二个问题:
如果您在两个实现中都仔细注意了输入被输入RNN的方式。
在第一个实现中,输入的形状已经是batch_size x num_steps(这里num_steps是隐藏的大小):
self._input_data = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, num_steps])
而在第二种实现中,初始输入具有形状(batch_size x n_steps x n_input)。因此需要一个权重矩阵来转换为形状(n_steps x batch_size x hidden_size):
# Input shape: (batch_size, n_steps, n_input)
_X = tf.transpose(_X, [1, 0, 2]) # Permute n_steps and batch_size
# Reshape to prepare input to hidden activation
_X = tf.reshape(_X, [-1, n_input]) # (n_steps*batch_size, n_input)
# Linear activation
_X = tf.matmul(_X, _weights['hidden']) + _biases['hidden']
# Split data because rnn cell needs a list of inputs for the RNN inner loop
_X = tf.split(0, n_steps, _X) # n_steps * (batch_size, n_hidden)
我希望这有用......