在表django中添加一列

时间:2016-05-16 09:48:42

标签: python mysql django

我想在django中为模型添加一列。我使用的数据库是mysql。 早期的数据库文件是;

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, validators=[validate_name])
    password = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=50)


class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = '__all__'

现在,我在密码后添加了以下行:

repeat_password = models.CharField(max_length=100)

现在我正在运行以下命令:

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

第一行产生0001_initial.py,其内容为:

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    initial = True

    dependencies = [
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Student',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=20, validators=[ajax.models.validate_name])),
                ('password', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
                ('repeat_password', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
                ('email', models.EmailField(max_length=50)),
            ],
        ),
    ]

但是,第二行不会向数据库添加任何内容:

mysql> desc ajax_student;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name     | varchar(20)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| password | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| email    | varchar(10)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

我不知道我做错了什么? 我在SO上寻找答案,但没有一个有效:Altering database tables in Django

Adding fields to an already existing database

请帮我解决这个问题。

修改

感谢您的帮助。当我添加字段repeat_password时,它要求默认值:

You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'repeat_password' to student without a default; we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
 1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows)
 2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py
Select an option: 1
Please enter the default value now, as valid Python
The datetime and django.utils.timezone modules are available, so you can do e.g. timezone.now()

所以,我做错了是选择了1个选项并删除了以前的迁移。然后,运行makemigrationsmigrations,以避免重写默认值。这就是我收到错误的原因。

但是,当我选择第二个选项然后给出一个默认值时,我运行上面的命令,它工作。 问题是我只想避免提供默认值。我不知道为什么在添加额外字段时需要它,但在创建字段时,不需要它。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

这是我在Django似乎不允许我更改表时所做的事情。重命名model,例如说Student_1。然后添加新字段:

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, validators=[validate_name])
    password = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=50)
    repeat_password = models.CharField(max_length=100)

运行python manage.py makemigrations,它将识别新表student_1。然后运行python manage.py migrate

答案 1 :(得分:0)

我绝对尝试了所有方法,但@Gathide 的答案确实是唯一有效的方法。

将您的 model 重命名为 Student1,然后应用通常的:

  • python manage.py makemigrations
  • python manage.py migrate

很有魅力。只需确保将views.py、forms.py 和admin.py 中所有以前的Student 模型更新为Student1