C中的数据验证 - 确保输入的格式正确

时间:2016-05-15 19:41:05

标签: c validation

我想编写一个代码来确保用户只输入1位数。如果用户输入类似" 0 1 3"我希望我的程序读取错误消息,我不知道该怎么做。任何人都知道如何处理这个问题?如果用户输入一组中间有空格的数字,我当前的代码只会接收第一个数字。

请参阅下面的代码。谢谢:D

//Prompt the user to enter the low radius with data validation
printf("Enter the low radius [0.0..40.0]: ");
do
{   
    ret = scanf("%lf", &lowRadius);
    //type validation
    if (ret != 1)
    {
        int ch = 0;
        while (((ch = getchar()) != EOF) && (ch != '\n'));
        printf("Wrong input. Please enter one numerical value: ");  
    }
    //range validation      
    else if((lowRadius < 0 || lowRadius > 40))
    {
        printf("Incorrect value. Please enter in range 0-40: ");
    }
    else break;
} while ((ret != 1) || (lowRadius < 0 || lowRadius > 40));//end while lowRadius

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

如果您将该行读入字符串,然后对其进行分析,则可以避免挂起未提供输入的问题。您已经完成了大部分工作,但这显示了如何捕获过多的输入。它的工作原理是在double之后扫描一个字符串以获取更多输入。来自sscanf的返回值会告诉您是否存在,因为它返回成功扫描的项目数。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void err(char *message)
{
    puts(message);
    exit(1);
}

int main(void)
{
    double lowRadius = 0.0;
    char inp[100];
    char more[2];
    int conv;
    if(fgets(inp, sizeof inp, stdin) == NULL) {
        err("Input unsuccesful");
    }
    conv = sscanf(inp, "%lf %1s", &lowRadius, more);  // conv is number of items scanned
    if(conv != 1) {
        err("One input value is required");
    }
    if(lowRadius < 0.0 || lowRadius > 40.0) {
        err("Number out of range");
    }
    printf("%f\n", lowRadius);
    return 0;
}

我不确定您对单个数字的规定,因为它不允许输入您的最大值。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

阅读整行并将其转换为strtod

答案 2 :(得分:0)

亚历山大有正确的方法,但没有提供太多细节。以下是我将如何操作,使用getline()读取输入,然后使用strspn()和strtod()来解析读取的输入。如果你不熟悉使用指针,这将很难理解 - 但如果你正在学习C,你最终会到达那里:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void) {
  double lowRadius;
  char *lineptr = NULL;
  size_t n;
  char *startptr;
  char *endptr;
  char *ws = " \t\n"; /* possible whitespace characters */

  printf("Enter the low radius [0.0..40.0]: ");

  while(1) {
    /* free lineptr if set - neeeded if we iterate on error input */
    if( lineptr ) {
      free(lineptr);
      lineptr = NULL;
    }

    /* now read a line of input */
    while( getline(&lineptr, &n, stdin) == -1 ) {
      /* error returned, just retry */
      continue;
    }

    /* skip over any leading whitespace */
    startptr = lineptr + strspn(lineptr,ws);

    /* Now try to convert double */
    lowRadius = strtod(startptr, &endptr);

    if( endptr==startptr || endptr[strspn(endptr,ws)] != 0 ) {
      /* either no characters were processed - e.g., the
         line was empty, or there was some non-whitespace
         character found after the number. */
      printf( "Wrong input.  Please enter one numerical value: ");
    } else if( (lowRadius < 0.0) || (lowRadius > 40.0) ) {
      printf( "Incorrect value. Please enter in range 0-40: " );
    } else {
      if( lineptr ) free(lineptr);
      break;
    }
  }
  printf( "value entered was %lf\n", lowRadius );
}