我正在尝试创建一个python脚本，我被这些字典困住了。我已经阅读了其他一些论坛，但似乎无处可去。我是一个非常新的python程序员，所以请温柔。
我想做什么：
1）设置如下字典：{'Name':'userid','jobid:jobid','walltime:walltime,'nodes:nds'}
2）遍历从外部函数调用创建的条目列表并提取信息以填充字典
3）问题：我无法弄清楚如何将条目附加到适当的键
例如，我想要这个：
{‘Name’:’jose’,’jobid’:’001,002,003,005’,’walltime:32:00,240:00,04:00,07:00’,’nodes’:32,32,500’}
注意一个用户ID，我有多个jobid，walltimes和节点
(len(jobids)==len(walltimes)==len(nodes)适用于任何一个用户ID，但可以因用户ID而异）
我能够让脚本找到每个用户名的第一个值，但它永远不会附加。我如何才能追加这个？
这是我试过的
from collections import defaultdict
pdict = defaultdict(list)
start the loop:
# get new values – add these to the dictionary keyed
# on username (create a new entry or append to existing entry)
…
(jobid,userid,jobname, sessid, nds, tsk, walltime,rest)= m.groups()
...
if userid in pdict:
print "DEBUG: %s is currently in the dictionary -- appending entries" %(userid)
pdict[userid][‘jobid’] = pdict[userid][jobid].append(jobid) I
# repeat for nodes, walltime, etc
if not userid in pdict:
print "DEBUG: %s is not in the dictionary creating entry" %(userid)
pdict[userid] = {} # define a dictionary within a dictionary with key off userid
pdict[userid]['jobid'] = jobid
pdict[userid]['jobname'] = jobname
pdict[userid]['nodes'] = nds
pdict[userid]['walltime'] = walltime
我知道这是错的，但无法弄清楚如何让追加工作。我已尝试过本网站提供的许多建议。我需要在键入到用户ID
的循环中附加（到字典）最近的值以下是输出的示例 - 它不为每个用户标识添加多个条目，而是仅为每个用户标识获取第一个值
userid jmreill包含数据：{'nodes'：'1'，'jobname'： 'A10012a_ReMig_Q'，'walltime'：'230：0'，'jobid'：'1365582'}
userid igorysh包含数据：{'nodes'：'20'，'jobname'： 'emvii_Beam_fwi6'，'walltime'：'06：50'，'jobid'：'1398100'}
有什么建议吗？这应该很容易，但我无法理解！
答案 0 :(得分：1)
SELECT HHID, MIN(ORDDATE) AS FirstOrdDate
FROM dbo.Orders
GROUP BY HHID, DOL
HAVING (DOL > 0.00)
答案 1 :(得分：0)
与键'jobid'对应的值应该是字符串列表而不是字符串。如果以这种方式创建字典，则可以通过以下方式将新的jobid附加到列表中：
pdict[userid]['jobid'].append(jobid)
答案 2 :(得分：0)
我无法解释为什么在以下代码中使用lambda表达式的解释，但您必须定义defaultdict的{{1}}：
defaultdict会奏效。
答案 3 :(得分：0)
php bin/magento setup:upgrade –keep-generated
php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy
方法不会返回列表...它会在适当的位置进行修改。此外，您需要将元素初始化为列表（使用方括号）：
append()答案 4 :(得分：0)
append不会返回值，它会修改列表，并且您忘记在equals右边引用'jobid'。因此，您应该将#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct
{
float red_;
float blue_;
float green_;
}RGB;
struct BMPHeader
{
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format
char file_type_[2]; // "BM"
int file_size_; // Size of file in bytes
int reserved_; // set to 0
int offBits_; // Byte offset to actual bitmap data
// (= 54)
int header_size_; // Size of BITMAPINFOHEADER,
// in bytes (= 40)
int width_; // Width of image, in pixels
int height_; // Height of images, in pixels
short planes_; // Number of planes in target device (set to 1)
short bit_count_; // Bits per pixel (24 in this case)
int compression_; // Type of compression
// (0 if no compression)
int size_image_; // Image size, in bytes
// (0 if no compression)
int pixel_per_meter_x_; // Horizontal resolution of the image
// (pixel per meter)
int pixel_per_meter_y_; // Vertical resolution of the image
// (pixel per meter)
int num_color_palette_; // Number of colors in the color table
// (if 0, use maximum allowed by
// biBitCount)
int num_color_important_; // Number of important colors.
// If 0, all colors are important
};
const bool writeBMP24(const char *filename,
const int x_res,
const int y_res,
RGB* rgb_array)
{
int i, j, ipos;
int bytesPerLine;
unsigned char *buffer;
FILE *file;
struct BMPHeader header;
int width = x_res;
int height = y_res;
// The length of each line must be a multiple of 4 bytes
bytesPerLine = (3 * (width + 1) / 4) * 4;
strcpy(header.file_type_, "BM");
header.offBits_ = 54;
header.file_size_ = header.offBits_ + bytesPerLine * height;
header.reserved_ = 0;
header.header_size_ = 40;
header.width_ = width;
header.height_ = height;
header.planes_ = 1;
header.bit_count_ = 24;
header.compression_ = 0;
header.size_image_ = bytesPerLine * height;
header.pixel_per_meter_x_ = 0;
header.pixel_per_meter_y_ = 0;
header.num_color_palette_ = 0;
header.num_color_important_ = 0;
file = fopen(filename, "wb");
if (file == NULL)
return(0);
fwrite(&header.file_type_, 2, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.file_size_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.reserved_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.offBits_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.header_size_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.width_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.height_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.planes_, 2, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.bit_count_, 2, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.compression_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.size_image_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.pixel_per_meter_x_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.pixel_per_meter_y_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.num_color_palette_, 4, 1, file);
fwrite(&header.num_color_important_, 4, 1, file);
buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(bytesPerLine);
if (buffer == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't allocate memory for BMP file.\n");
return false;
}
for (i = 0; i < height; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < width; j++)
{
ipos = 3 * (width * i + j);
buffer[3 * j] = (unsigned char)rgb_array[
(j + i * x_res)].blue_; // blue
buffer[3 * j + 1] = (unsigned char)rgb_array[
(j + i * x_res)].green_; // green
buffer[3 * j + 2] = (unsigned char)rgb_array[
(j + i * x_res)].red_; // red
}
fwrite(buffer, bytesPerLine, 1, file);
}
free(buffer);
fclose(file);
return true;
}
const bool readBMP24(
const char* imagepath,
int* res_x_,
int* res_y_,
RGB** rgb_array)
{
printf("Reading image %s\n", imagepath);
// Data read from the header of the BMP file
unsigned char header[54];
unsigned int dataPos;
unsigned int imageSize;
unsigned int width, height;
// Open the file
FILE * file = fopen(imagepath, "rb");
if (!file) {
printf("%s could not be opened."
" Are you in the right directory?"
" Don't forget to read the FAQ !\n",
imagepath);
getchar();
return 0;
}
// Read the header, i.e. the 54 first bytes
// If less than 54 bytes are read, problem
if (fread(header, 1, 54, file) != 54) {
printf("Not a correct BMP file\n");
return false;
}
// A BMP files always begins with "BM"
if (header[0] != 'B' || header[1] != 'M') {
printf("Not a correct BMP file\n");
return false;
}
// Make sure this is a 24bpp file
if (*(int*)&(header[0x1E]) != 0) {
printf("Not a correct BMP file\n");
return false;
}
if (*(int*)&(header[0x1C]) != 24) {
printf("Not a correct BMP file\n");
return false;
}
// Read the information about the image
dataPos = *(int*)&(header[0x0A]);
imageSize = *(int*)&(header[0x22]);
width = *(int*)&(header[0x12]);
height = *(int*)&(header[0x16]);
// Some BMP files are mis-formatted, guess missing information
// if (imageSize == 0) imageSize = width*height*3;
// 3 : one byte for each Red, Green and Blue component
if (dataPos == 0)
dataPos = 54; // The BMP header is done that way
*res_x_ = width;
*res_y_ = height;
int scanline_byte = *res_x_ * 3;
int padding = 0;
while ((scanline_byte + padding) % 4 != 0)
padding++;
int psb = scanline_byte + padding; // padded scanline byte
imageSize = psb*height;
// Read the actual data from the file into the buffer
unsigned char* image_buf = (unsigned char*)malloc(
sizeof(unsigned char)*imageSize);
fread(image_buf, 1, imageSize, file);
// Create a buffer
// data_.initialize(0, 0, width, height, false);
*rgb_array = (RGB*)malloc(sizeof(RGB)*(width * height ));
long buf_pos = 0;
long new_pos = 0;
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
{
for (int x = 0; x < 3 * width; x += 3)
{
new_pos = y*width + x / 3;
buf_pos = y*psb + x;
(*rgb_array)[new_pos].red_ =
(float)image_buf[buf_pos + 2];
(*rgb_array)[new_pos ].green_ =
(float)image_buf[buf_pos + 1];
(*rgb_array)[new_pos].blue_ =
(float)image_buf[buf_pos + 0];
}
}
// Everything is in memory now, the file wan be closed
fclose(file);
free(image_buf);
return true;
}
替换为pdict[userid][‘jobid’] = pdict[userid][jobid].append(jobid)。另请考虑@Jasper的评论。
答案 5 :(得分：0)
你正在寻找一个dicts的词典？ AutoVivification是完美的解决方案。在Python中实现perl的自动修复功能。
class AutoVivification(dict):
"""Implementation of perl's autovivification feature."""
def __getitem__(self, item):
try:
return dict.__getitem__(self, item)
except KeyError:
value = self[item] = type(self)()
return value
这使一切变得更容易。请注意，pdict[userid]['jobid']的值应为列表[jobid]，而不是变量jobid，因为您有多个jobid。
pdict = AutoVivification()
if userid in pdict:
pdict[userid]['jobid'].append(jobid)
else:
pdict[userid]['jobid'] = [jobid] # a list
请参阅What is the best way to implement nested dictionaries in Python?。