这是我的档案：
$ cat -v test1
"Rec_Open_Date","MSISDN","IMEI","Data_Volume_Bytes","Device_Manufacturer","Device_Model","Product_Description"
"2015-10-06","427","060","137765","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G900I","$39 Plan"
"2015-10-06","592","620","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","PREPAY STD - TRIAL - #16"
"2015-10-06","007","290","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","PREPAY PLUS - $0 -"
"2015-10-06","592","050","48836832","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 5S (A1530)","Talk and Text Connect Flexi Plan"
"2015-10-06","409","720","113755347","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G360G","$29 CARRYOVER PLAN"
"2015-10-06","742","620","19840943","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone S (A1530)","PREPAY STD - $0 - #2"
"2015-10-06","387","180","0","HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd","HUAWEI HUAWEI G526-L11","PREPAY STD - $1 - #4"
"2015-10-06","731","570","2258243","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-N910U","Business Freedom"
"2015-10-06","556","910","13332272","Samsung Korea","Samsung GT-I9505","$49 Plan"
此命令在末尾添加一列
NR==1{$7=q"Data_Volume_MB"q}在第1行的末尾添加列名。
NR>1{$7=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$7); $7= q $7/(1024*1024)q}1在第2行和第2行添加了一列
awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$7=q"Data_Volume_MB"q} NR>1{$7=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$7); $7= q $7/(1024*1024)q}1' test1
"Rec_Open_Date","MSISDN","IMEI","Data_Volume_Bytes","Device_Manufacturer","Device_Model","Data_Volume_MB"
"2015-10-06","427","060","137765","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G900I","0.131383"
"2015-10-06","592","620","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","0"
"2015-10-06","007","290","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","0"
"2015-10-06","592","050","48836832","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 5S (A1530)","46.5744"
"2015-10-06","409","720","113755347","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G360G","108.486"
"2015-10-06","742","620","19840943","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone S (A1530)","18.9218"
"2015-10-06","387","180","0","HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd","HUAWEI HUAWEI G526-L11","0"
"2015-10-06","731","570","2258243","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-N910U","2.15363"
"2015-10-06","556","910","13332272","Samsung Korea","Samsung GT-I9505","12.7146"
如何控制插入列的位置？让我说我想在第二列之前插入它？
NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);}这适用于第1行，但我无法弄清楚如何为第2行和更高版本执行此操作。任何人都可以建议我如何为line2和更高NR>1{$7=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$7); $7= q $7/(1024*1024)q}1
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);} NR>1{$7=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$7); $7= q $7/(1024*1024)q}1' test1
"Rec_Open_Date","MSISDN","IMEI","Data_Volume_Bytes","Device_Manufacturer","Data_Volume_MB","Device_Model","Product_Description"
"2015-10-06","427","060","137765","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G900I","0.131383"
"2015-10-06","592","620","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","0"
"2015-10-06","007","290","0","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 6 (A1586)","0"
"2015-10-06","592","050","48836832","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone 5S (A1530)","46.5744"
"2015-10-06","409","720","113755347","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-G360G","108.486"
"2015-10-06","742","620","19840943","Apple Inc","Apple iPhone S (A1530)","18.9218"
"2015-10-06","387","180","0","HUAWEI Technologies Co Ltd","HUAWEI HUAWEI G526-L11","0"
"2015-10-06","731","570","2258243","Samsung Korea","Samsung SM-N910U","2.15363"
"2015-10-06","556","910","13332272","Samsung Korea","Samsung GT-I9505","12.7146"
对于第2行和更高版本我尝试了很多尝试，但它总是略微偏离。 e.g：
NR>1{$(NF-1)=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$(NF-1)); $(NF-1)= q $(NF-1)/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1);}1
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);} NR>1{$(NF-1)=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$(NF-1)); $(NF-1)= q $(NF-1)/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1);}1' test1 | head -n1 | tr ',' '\n'| cat -n
1 "Rec_Open_Date"
2 "MSISDN"
3 "IMEI"
4 "Data_Volume_Bytes"
5 "Device_Manufacturer"
6 "Data_Volume_MB"
7 "Device_Model"
8 "Product_Description"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);} NR>1{$(NF-1)=$4; gsub(/"/,"",$(NF-1)); $(NF-1)= q $(NF-1)/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1);}1' test1 | head -n2 | tail -n1 | tr ',' '\n'| cat -n
1 "2015-10-06"
2 "427"
3 "060"
4 "137765"
5 "Samsung Korea"
6 "0.131383"
7 137765
8 "$39 Plan"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1);}1' test1 | head -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
1 "Rec_Open_Date"
2 "MSISDN"
3 "IMEI"
4 "Data_Volume_Bytes"
5 "Device_Manufacturer"
6 "Data_Volume_MB"
7 "Device_Model"
8 "Product_Description"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $(NF-1);} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1);}1' test1 | head -n2 | tail -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
1 "2015-10-06"
2 "427"
3 "060"
4 "137765"
5 "Samsung Korea"
6 "0.131383"
7 "Samsung SM-G900I"
8 "$39 Plan"
$
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=$(NF-1) FS q"Data_Volume_MB"q} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= $(NF-1) FS q n/(1024*1024)q}1' test1 | head -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
1 "Rec_Open_Date"
2 "MSISDN"
3 "IMEI"
4 "Data_Volume_Bytes"
5 "Device_Manufacturer"
6 "Device_Model"
7 "Data_Volume_MB"
8 "Product_Description"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$(NF-1)=$(NF-1) FS q"Data_Volume_MB"q} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= $(NF-1) FS q n/(1024*1024)q}1' test1 | head -n2 | tail -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
1 "2015-10-06"
2 "427"
3 "060"
4 "137765"
5 "Samsung Korea"
6 "Samsung SM-G900I"
7 "0.131383"
8 "$39 Plan"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$NF=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $NF} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $NF= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $NF;}1' test1 | head -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
1 "Rec_Open_Date"
2 "MSISDN"
3 "IMEI"
4 "Data_Volume_Bytes"
5 "Device_Manufacturer"
6 "Device_Model"
7 "Data_Volume_MB"
8 "Product_Description"
$ awk -F, -v OFS=, -v q='"' 'NR==1{$NF=q"Data_Volume_MB"q FS $NF} NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $NF= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $NF;}1' test1 | head -n2 | tail -n1 | tr ',' '\n' | cat -n
1 "2015-10-06"
2 "427"
3 "060"
4 "137765"
5 "Samsung Korea"
6 "Samsung SM-G900I"
7 "0.131383"
8 "$39 Plan"
答案 0 :(得分：1)
您将$(NF-1)上的值替换为您在操作中执行的第一项操作。然后，您尝试使用$(NF-1)，就像它仍然具有原始值一样。
那不行。您需要将值保存到另一个变量，对其进行操作，然后将$(NF-1)设置为新值。
NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $(NF-1)}1
另外，要将新值用作倒数第二列，您需要将放在之后的第二列到最后一列中（或操作最后一列并将其放在它之前）。
NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $(NF-1)= $(NF-1) FS q n/(1024*1024)q}1
或
NR>1{n=$4; gsub(/"/,"",n); $NF= q n/(1024*1024)q FS $NF;}1