Question

是否可以重置R的实例？

EG。如果我使用了命令

x <- 1:10
plot(x, -x)

因此用x变量污染了系统。在这种状态下，我可以恢复到干净状态而不关闭R并再次启动它吗？

Answer 1

您可以使用

从工作区中删除所有变量

rm(list = ls())

您可以使用

“卸载”软件包

detach(package:packagename)

编辑：

您可以使用

关闭所有图形设备

graphics.off()

您可以使用CTRL+L清除命令编辑器历史记录。

如果您使用Tinn-R作为编辑器，则会有一个“全部清除”按钮，用于清除工作区和命令编辑器历史记录，并关闭图形设备。（它不会拆包。）

另一个编辑：

重置R需要做的另一件事是关闭所有打开的连接。留下开放式连接是非常糟糕的形式，所以这比必要性更belt and braces。 ~~（您可以通过在晦涩的环境中打开连接来欺骗close_all_connections，但在这种情况下，您只能责怪自己。）~~

is.connection <- function(x) inherits(x, "connection")

get_connections <- function(envir = parent.frame()) 
{
  Filter(is.connection, mget(ls(envir = envir), envir = envir))
}

close_all_connections <- function() 
{
   lapply(c(sys.frames(), globalenv(), baseenv()), 
      function(e) lapply(get_connections(e), close))
}

close_all_connections()

正如Marek建议的那样，使用closeAllConnections来做到这一点。

另一个编辑：

回应Ben关于重置选项的评论，这实际上有点棘手。最好的方法是在加载R时存储选项的副本，然后在此时重置它们。

#on R load
assign(".Options2", options(), baseenv())

#on reset
options(baseenv()$.Options2)

如果您在加载R时没有足够的预见性来设置它，那么您需要类似此功能的东西。

reset_options <- function()
{
  is_win <- .Platform$OS.type == "windows"
  options(
    add.smooth            = TRUE,
    browserNLdisabled     = FALSE,
    CBoundsCheck          = FALSE,
    check.bounds          = FALSE,
    continue              = "+ ",
    contrasts             = c(
      unordered = "contr.treatment", 
      ordered   = "contr.poly"
    ), 
    defaultPackages       = c(
      "datasets", 
      "utils", 
      "grDevices", 
      "graphics", 
      "stats",
      "methods"
    ),  
    demo.ask              = "default",
    device                = if(is_win) windows else x11,
    device.ask.default    = FALSE,
    digits                = 7,
    echo                  = TRUE,
    editor                = "internal",
    encoding              = "native.enc",
    example.ask           = "default",
    expressions           = 5000,
    help.search.types     = c("vignette", "demo", "help"),    
    help.try.all.packages = FALSE,
    help_type             = "text",
    HTTPUserAgent         = with(
      R.version, 
      paste0(
        "R (", 
        paste(major, minor, sep = "."), 
        " ", 
        platform, 
        " ", 
        arch, 
        " ", 
        os, 
        ")"
      )
    ),
    internet.info         = 2,
    keep.source           = TRUE,
    keep.source.pkgs      = FALSE,
    locatorBell           = TRUE,
    mailer                = "mailto",
    max.print             = 99999,
    menu.graphics         = TRUE,
    na.action             = "na.omit",
    nwarnings             = 50,
    OutDec                = ".",
    pager                 = "internal",
    papersize             = "a4",
    pdfviewer             = file.path(R.home("bin"), "open.exe"),
    pkgType               = if(is_win) "win.binary" else "source",
    prompt                = "> ",
    repos                 = c(
      CRAN      = "@CRAN@", 
      CRANextra = "http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/RWin"
    ), 
    scipen                = 0,
    show.coef.Pvalues     = TRUE,
    show.error.messages   = TRUE,
    show.signif.stars     = TRUE,
    str                   = list(
      strict.width = "no",
      digits.d     = 3,
      vec.len      = 4
    ),
    str.dendrogram.last   = "`",
    stringsAsFactors      = TRUE,
    timeout               = 60,
    ts.eps                = 1e-05,
    ts.S.compat           = FALSE,
    unzip                 = "internal",
    useFancyQuotes        = TRUE,
    verbose               = FALSE,
    warn                  = 0,
    warning.length        = 1000,
    width                 = 80,
    windowsTimeouts       = c(100, 500)
  )
)

该函数中的选项提供了一个vanilla R会话，因此您可能希望在之后获取Rprofile.site文件以自定义R您喜欢的方式。

source(file.path(R.home("etc"), "Rprofile.site"))

Answer 2

基于@Richie Cotton的回应，评论等等，我认为值得考虑五个要素：

删除所有对象
卸载非原生软件包
关闭所有连接
恢复默认选项
关闭所有图形设备

所以，这是我简单的ResetR函数：

ResetR = function() {

    # 1) Remove all objects
    rm(list = ls(all=TRUE, envir = .GlobalEnv), envir = .GlobalEnv)

    # 2) Unload non-native packages. 
    nat = c(".GlobalEnv", "package:datasets", "package:evd", "package:nortest", "package:MASS", "package:stats", "package:graphics", "package:grDevices", "package:utils", "package:methods", "Autoloads", "package:base")

    p = search()
    for (i in p) {
        if (is.na(match(i, nat))) {
            try(eval(parse(text=paste0("detach(", i, ", unload=T, force=T)"))), silent=T) # force=T is need in case package has dependency
        }
    }

    # 3) Close all connections
    try(closeAllConnections(), silent=T)

    # 4) Restore default options
    try(options(baseenv()$.Options2), silent=T) # Remember to put assign(".Options2", options(), baseenv()) at the bottom of YOUR_R_HOME\etc\Rprofile.site

    # 5) Close all graphic devices
    graphics.off()

}

HTH

重置R实例

2 个答案: