使用bundle install --without test安装gem时，然后使用bundle exec unicorn -c ./config/unicorn.rb -E development启动我的服务器，对于只在test环境中依赖的gem，bundler会抛出gem not found错误。我已经尝试明确指示bundler仅在boot.rb中使用默认和环境特定的gems：
ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] ||= File.expand_path('../../Gemfile', __FILE__)
# Set up gems listed in the Gemfile.
if File.exists?(ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'])
require 'bundler'
Bundler.setup(:default, ENV["RAILS_ENV"])
end
但错误仍然存在。我已经验证服务器是在预期的环境中运行的，但我仍然会收到类似于/var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.1/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:95:in 'block in materialize': Could not find io-like-0.3.0 in any of the sources (Bundler::GemNotFound)的错误，用于测试特定的gem。我还明确地将io-like gem添加到Gemfile中的默认gem中，以测试这是否是io-like特定的问题，但是对于不同的仅测试gem，我仍然会得到相同的错误。
有什么想法可以在这里发生什么？
我已将下面的Gemfile以及我的Gemfile.lock包含在上下文中。
的Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
ruby '2.3.0'
gem 'rails', '4.2.6'
gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby
gem 'unicorn'
gem 'pg'
# API helpers
gem 'gon'
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
gem 'responders'
gem 'kaminari'
# asset helpers
gem "sprockets-es6"
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Model helpers
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.11'
gem 'redcarpet'
gem 'carrierwave'
gem 'carrierwave-dropbox'
gem "fog-aws"
gem 'sendgrid'
group :development, :test do
gem 'byebug'
gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'
gem 'spring'
gem 'factory_girl_rails', require: false
gem 'jasmine-rails'
end
group :test do
gem 'rspec-rails'
gem 'database_cleaner'
gem 'capybara'
gem 'selenium-webdriver'
gem 'chromedriver-helper'
gem 'timecop'
end
Gemfile.lock的
GEM
remote: https://rubygems.org/
specs:
actionmailer (4.2.6)
actionpack (= 4.2.6)
actionview (= 4.2.6)
activejob (= 4.2.6)
mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
actionpack (4.2.6)
actionview (= 4.2.6)
activesupport (= 4.2.6)
rack (~> 1.6)
rack-test (~> 0.6.2)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
actionview (4.2.6)
activesupport (= 4.2.6)
builder (~> 3.1)
erubis (~> 2.7.0)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
activejob (4.2.6)
activesupport (= 4.2.6)
globalid (>= 0.3.0)
activemodel (4.2.6)
activesupport (= 4.2.6)
builder (~> 3.1)
activerecord (4.2.6)
activemodel (= 4.2.6)
activesupport (= 4.2.6)
arel (~> 6.0)
activesupport (4.2.6)
i18n (~> 0.7)
json (~> 1.7, >= 1.7.7)
minitest (~> 5.1)
thread_safe (~> 0.3, >= 0.3.4)
tzinfo (~> 1.1)
archive-zip (0.7.0)
io-like (~> 0.3.0)
arel (6.0.3)
babel-source (5.8.19)
babel-transpiler (0.7.0)
babel-source (>= 4.0, < 6)
execjs (~> 2.0)
bcrypt (3.1.11)
binding_of_caller (0.7.2)
debug_inspector (>= 0.0.1)
builder (3.2.2)
byebug (5.0.0)
columnize (= 0.9.0)
capybara (2.4.4)
mime-types (>= 1.16)
nokogiri (>= 1.3.3)
rack (>= 1.0.0)
rack-test (>= 0.5.4)
xpath (~> 2.0)
carrierwave (0.10.0)
activemodel (>= 3.2.0)
activesupport (>= 3.2.0)
json (>= 1.7)
mime-types (>= 1.16)
carrierwave-dropbox (1.2.1)
carrierwave (~> 0.9)
dropbox-sdk (~> 1.6)
childprocess (0.5.6)
ffi (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.11)
chromedriver-helper (1.0.0)
archive-zip (~> 0.7.0)
nokogiri (~> 1.6)
columnize (0.9.0)
concurrent-ruby (1.0.2)
database_cleaner (1.4.1)
debug_inspector (0.0.2)
diff-lcs (1.2.5)
dropbox-sdk (1.6.5)
json
erubis (2.7.0)
excon (0.49.0)
execjs (2.5.2)
factory_girl (4.5.0)
activesupport (>= 3.0.0)
factory_girl_rails (4.5.0)
factory_girl (~> 4.5.0)
railties (>= 3.0.0)
ffi (1.9.10)
fog-aws (0.9.2)
fog-core (~> 1.27)
fog-json (~> 1.0)
fog-xml (~> 0.1)
ipaddress (~> 0.8)
fog-core (1.37.0)
builder
excon (~> 0.45)
formatador (~> 0.2)
fog-json (1.0.2)
fog-core (~> 1.0)
multi_json (~> 1.10)
fog-xml (0.1.2)
fog-core
nokogiri (~> 1.5, >= 1.5.11)
formatador (0.2.5)
globalid (0.3.6)
activesupport (>= 4.1.0)
gon (6.0.1)
actionpack (>= 3.0)
json
multi_json
request_store (>= 1.0)
i18n (0.7.0)
io-like (0.3.0)
ipaddress (0.8.3)
jasmine-core (2.3.4)
jasmine-rails (0.10.8)
jasmine-core (>= 1.3, < 3.0)
phantomjs (>= 1.9)
railties (>= 3.2.0)
sprockets-rails
jbuilder (2.3.1)
activesupport (>= 3.0.0, < 5)
multi_json (~> 1.2)
json (1.8.3)
kaminari (0.16.3)
actionpack (>= 3.0.0)
activesupport (>= 3.0.0)
kgio (2.9.3)
libv8 (3.16.14.11)
loofah (2.0.3)
nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
mail (2.6.4)
mime-types (>= 1.16, < 4)
mime-types (3.0)
mime-types-data (~> 3.2015)
mime-types-data (3.2016.0221)
mini_portile2 (2.0.0)
minitest (5.8.4)
multi_json (1.11.2)
nokogiri (1.6.7.2)
mini_portile2 (~> 2.0.0.rc2)
pg (0.18.2)
phantomjs (1.9.8.0)
rack (1.6.4)
rack-test (0.6.3)
rack (>= 1.0)
rails (4.2.6)
actionmailer (= 4.2.6)
actionpack (= 4.2.6)
actionview (= 4.2.6)
activejob (= 4.2.6)
activemodel (= 4.2.6)
activerecord (= 4.2.6)
activesupport (= 4.2.6)
bundler (>= 1.3.0, < 2.0)
railties (= 4.2.6)
sprockets-rails
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (1.0.3)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0.alpha)
rails-dom-testing (1.0.7)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0.beta, < 5.0)
nokogiri (~> 1.6.0)
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (>= 1.0.1)
rails-html-sanitizer (1.0.3)
loofah (~> 2.0)
railties (4.2.6)
actionpack (= 4.2.6)
activesupport (= 4.2.6)
rake (>= 0.8.7)
thor (>= 0.18.1, < 2.0)
raindrops (0.13.0)
rake (11.1.2)
redcarpet (3.3.2)
ref (2.0.0)
request_store (1.2.0)
responders (2.1.0)
railties (>= 4.2.0, < 5)
rspec-core (3.3.2)
rspec-support (~> 3.3.0)
rspec-expectations (3.3.1)
diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
rspec-support (~> 3.3.0)
rspec-mocks (3.3.2)
diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
rspec-support (~> 3.3.0)
rspec-rails (3.3.3)
actionpack (>= 3.0, < 4.3)
activesupport (>= 3.0, < 4.3)
railties (>= 3.0, < 4.3)
rspec-core (~> 3.3.0)
rspec-expectations (~> 3.3.0)
rspec-mocks (~> 3.3.0)
rspec-support (~> 3.3.0)
rspec-support (3.3.0)
rubyzip (1.1.7)
sass (3.4.16)
sass-rails (5.0.3)
railties (>= 4.0.0, < 5.0)
sass (~> 3.1)
sprockets (>= 2.8, < 4.0)
sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
tilt (~> 1.1)
selenium-webdriver (2.47.1)
childprocess (~> 0.5)
multi_json (~> 1.0)
rubyzip (~> 1.0)
websocket (~> 1.0)
sendgrid (1.2.0)
json
spring (1.3.6)
sprockets (3.6.0)
concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
rack (> 1, < 3)
sprockets-es6 (0.7.0)
babel-transpiler
sprockets (>= 3.0.0)
sprockets-rails (3.0.4)
actionpack (>= 4.0)
activesupport (>= 4.0)
sprockets (>= 3.0.0)
therubyracer (0.12.2)
libv8 (~> 3.16.14.0)
ref
thor (0.19.1)
thread_safe (0.3.5)
tilt (1.4.1)
timecop (0.7.4)
tzinfo (1.2.2)
thread_safe (~> 0.1)
uglifier (2.7.1)
execjs (>= 0.3.0)
json (>= 1.8.0)
unicorn (4.9.0)
kgio (~> 2.6)
rack
raindrops (~> 0.7)
web-console (2.2.1)
activemodel (>= 4.0)
binding_of_caller (>= 0.7.2)
railties (>= 4.0)
sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
websocket (1.2.2)
xpath (2.0.0)
nokogiri (~> 1.3)
PLATFORMS
ruby
DEPENDENCIES
bcrypt (~> 3.1.11)
byebug
capybara
carrierwave
carrierwave-dropbox
chromedriver-helper
database_cleaner
factory_girl_rails
fog-aws
gon
io-like
jasmine-rails
jbuilder (~> 2.0)
kaminari
pg
rails (= 4.2.6)
redcarpet
responders
rspec-rails
sass-rails (~> 5.0)
selenium-webdriver
sendgrid
spring
sprockets-es6
therubyracer
timecop
uglifier (>= 1.3.0)
unicorn
web-console (~> 2.0)
BUNDLED WITH
1.11.2
修改
启动容器时的实际错误输出：
web | docker run -i --name draper-web -e DATABASE_HOST=172.17.0.1 -e DATABASE_HOST=172.17.0.1 -e DATABASE_PASSWORD=<password> -e DATABASE_PASSWORD=<password> -e DATABASE_PATH=/dev_db -e DATABASE_PORT=5432 -e DATABASE_PORT=5432 -e DATABASE_SCHEME=postgres -e DATABASE_SCHEME=postgres -e DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres:<password>@172.17.0.1:5432/dev_db -e DATABASE_USERNAME=postgres -e RACK_ENV=development -e RAILS_ENV=development -p 80:80 -p 443:80 app/web sh -c bin/web
/var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:95:in `block in materialize': Could not find io-like-0.3.0 in any of the sources (Bundler::GemNotFound)
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:88:in `map!'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:88:in `materialize'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/definition.rb:140:in `specs'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/definition.rb:185:in `specs_for'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/definition.rb:174:in `requested_specs'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/environment.rb:19:in `requested_specs'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:14:in `setup'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler.rb:95:in `setup'
from /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/bundler-1.12.3/lib/bundler/setup.rb:19:in `<top (required)>'
from /usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
from /usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
starting server in env: development
...
bin / web，用于输出最后一行的上下文
# start server...
echo "starting server in env: $RAILS_ENV"
bundle exec unicorn -c ./config/unicorn.rb -E $RAILS_ENV
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我打赌您使用了Gemfile Docker优化技术，这就是您Dockerfile中的内容：
COPY Gemfile* /tmp/
WORKDIR /tmp
RUN bundle install --without development test
这条线的问题是
BUNDLE_WITHOUT: development:test
已写入/tmp/.bundle/config文件，执行Bundler时Bundler.setup无法访问该文件。
所以一个可能的解决方案是将此行添加到Dockerfile（在切换工作目录后添加到您的应用目录）：
RUN mkdir -p .bundle && printf '%s\n%s\n' '---' 'BUNDLE_WITHOUT: development:test' > .bundle/config
另一种方法是
RUN bundler config without development:test
但看起来Bundler会解析Gemfile，这个命令在我的机器上需要5秒，所以我决定坚持printf