Question

我希望我的程序只打印字典中列表中的一个随机单词，但我似乎无法获得正确的语法。我尝试使用popitem（）从列表中获取随机值，但它似乎并没有起作用。这是我的代码：

import random

thesaurus = {
              "happy":["glad",  "blissful", "ecstatic", "at ease"],
              "sad"  :["bleak", "blue", "depressed"]
            }

# input
phrase = input("Enter a phrase: ")

# turn input into list
part1 = phrase.split()
part2 = list(part1)

newlist = [] 
for x in part2:
    s = thesaurus.get(x, x)
    newlist.append(s)

print (newlist)

例如，如果输入是

i am happy

预期输出为

i am glad

或字典中列表中的任何随机单词。

但是，现在我的输出看起来像这样：

['i', 'am', ['glad', 'blissful', 'ecstatic', 'at ease']]

我知道还有另一个涉及此问题的线索，但它似乎无法解决这个具体问题。

任何帮助将不胜感激！

编辑：

如果我将此公式扩展为使用带有长字词列表的导入文件，我将如何更改代码？

newDict = {}
with open('thesaurus.txt', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        splitLine = line.split()
        newDict[(splitLine[0])] = ",".join(splitLine[1:])

print ("Total words in thesaurus: ", len(newDict))

# input
phrase = input("Enter a phrase: ")

# turn input into list
part1 = phrase.split()
part2 = list(part1)

# testing input
newlist = []
for x in part2:
    s = newDict[x].pop() if x in newDict else x
    s = random.choice(newDict[x]).upper() if x in newDict else x
    newlist.append(s)


newphrase = ' '.join(newlist)
print (newphrase)

＆＃34;词库＆＃34;中的行文字样本档案：

abash,humility,fear

Answer 1

 thesaurus.get(x,x)

表示thesaurus[x] if x in thesaurus else x

由于thesaurus["happy"]是一个列表，它返回整个列表

我想你想得到一个单品

for x in part2:
   s = thesaurus[x].pop() if x in thesaurus else x # returns first word (and removes from list)
   s = thesaurus[x][0] if x in thesaurus else x # returns first word without removing it
   s = random.choice(thesaurus[x])if x in thesaurus else x # returns random word
   newlist.append(s)

Answer 2

map你的输出到此。您可以将列表一起加入以形成您想要的字符串。

newList= list(map(lambda x:  random.choice(x) if type(x) == list else x, newList))

print(" ".join(newList))

Answer 3

您可能想要使用random模块：

示例：

import random
>>> l = list(range(10))
>>> random.choice(l)
5
>>> random.choice(l)
9

在你的情况下，你可以这样做：

print (" ".join(random.choice(thesaurus[x]) if x in thesaurus else x for x in part2))

示例：

>>> import random
>>> phrase = "I am feeling sad that he left, but that's okay because I'm happy he will be back soon"
>>>
>>> thesaurus = { "happy":["glad",  "blissful", "ecstatic", "at ease"],
...               "sad"  :["bleak", "blue", "depressed"]
...             }
>>> print (" ".join(random.choice(thesaurus[x]) if x in thesaurus else x for x in phrase.split()))
I am feeling bleak that he left, but that's okay because I'm blissful he will be back soon

Answer 4

此解决方案不会修改原始字典

for x in part2:
    s = random.choice(thesaurus.get(x, [x]))
    newlist.append(s)

您的词典将字符串映射到字符串列表，因此您的原始解决方案会将列表放在字符串的位置。 random.choice从列表中选择一个随机元素。

从字典中的列表中打印一个单词（python）

4 个答案: