如何遍历文件中的元组

Question

我正在为我的NLP类开发一个项目，这一点我有一个.txt文件，如下所示：

(u'I', u'PRON')(u'am', u'VERB')(u'nobody', u'NOUN')(u':', u'.')(u'A', u'DET')(u'red', u'ADJ')(u'sinking', u'NOUN')(u'autumn', u'NOUN')(u'sun', u'NOUN')(u'Took', u'NOUN')(u'my', u'PRON')(u'name', u'NOUN')(u'away', u'ADV')(u'.', u'.')(u'Keep', u'VERB')(u'straight', u'VERB')(u'down', u'PRT')(u'this', u'DET')(u'block', u'NOUN')....

所以基本上，它只是一堆带有单词和标签的元组。我正在尝试遍历此文件并返回标记为“NOUN”的正式列表。

因此，输出可能如下所示：["nobody," "autumn",....]

我真的不确定如何迭代这些元组以及更多，所以摆脱那个''标签。有人可以帮忙吗？

Answer 1

使用列表推导来分解所有元组，将str函数应用于单词以将其转换为字符串而不是unicode，并根据其类型过滤掉单词：

output=[str(word) for word,wtype in tuplist if wtype.lower()=='noun']

一个小技巧是使用lower函数来标准化字符串以检查条件。如果你认为你会有流氓空白，你也可以在它之后使用strip（）： wtype.lower().strip()=='noun'

Answer 2

考虑到您在文本文件中有数据，这是一个使用正则表达式的解决方案：

import re
data = """(u'I', u'PRON')(u'am', u'VERB')(u'nobody', u'NOUN')(u':', u'.')(u'A', u'DET')(u'red', u'ADJ')(u'sinking', u'NOUN')(u'autumn', u'NOUN')(u'sun', u'NOUN')(u'Took',u'NOUN')(u'my', u'PRON')(u'name', u'NOUN')(u'away', u'ADV')(u'.', u'.')(u'Keep', u'VERB')(u'straight', u'VERB')(u'down', u'PRT')(u'this',u'DET')(u'block', u'NOUN')'s = r"(u'I', u'PRON')(u'am', u'VERB')(u'nobody', u'NOUN')(u':', u'.')(u'A', u'DET')(u'red', u'ADJ')(u'sinking', u'NOUN')(u'autumn', u'NOUN')(u'sun', u'NOUN')(u'Took', u'NOUN')(u'my', u'PRON')(u'name', u'NOUN')(u'away', u'ADV')(u'.', u'.')(u'Keep', u'VERB')(u'straight',u'VERB')(u'down', u'PRT')(u'this', u'DET')(u'block', u'NOUN')"""
#Use regex to get the split the data as required
rx = re.compile(r"\(u'(.*?)'\,\su'(.*?)'\)")
#Find all the matches
matches = rx.findall(s)
tuples = []
for match in matches:
    tuples.append(match)

#Get the nouns from the list of tuples  
nouns = [ x for x in tuples if "NOUN" in x]

下图显示了产生的结果：

Answer 3

您可以使用列表推导来执行此操作，例如：

lst = [i[0] for i in tuples if i[1] == "NOUN"]

列表理解语法有点令人困惑，所以这里它是等效的循环

lst=[]
for i in tuples:
    if i[1] == "NOUN":
        lst.append(i)

Answer 4

我假设您将首先从文本中获取行并将所有u'替换为'。然后你可以像这样遍历元组;

x = [('I', 'PRON'), ('am', 'VERB'), ('nobody', 'NOUN')] // that would be lines of your text file.
array = []
for element in x:
    first, second = element
    if second == "NOUN":
        array.append(first)

print array