Sqlserver表行到列数据 - 数据透视表

Question

我有一个Excel表格，如下所示，我已经以规范化的形式从这个Excel中将数据转储到数据库中（如下面的示例数据）。

现在我想从数据库的数据中获得类似的excel视图。我试过这个，但格式错误。如果有人使用列名和内连接给出与excel相同的结果视图，那就太好了。

随着年度的扩大，我不想做核心。

declare @tblyear table(id int, year int)
insert into @tblyear values (1,2012), (2,2013),(3,2014) ,(4,2015),(5,2016)

declare @ChargeableYearDetails table ( id int, year int, CumulativeHrs numeric(18,2), CumulativeChargeableHrs  numeric(18,2))

--take only 2 row year wise for the sample
insert into @ChargeableYearDetails values 
(1, 1, 1657.75, 1243.50),
(2, 1, 3925.50, 3044.75),
(3, 2, 870.25, 568.25),
(4, 2, 2517.75, 1808.00),
(5, 3, 189.50, 99.00),
(6, 3, 1982.75, 1295.25),
(7, 4, 539.00, 351.00),
(8, 4, 2542.75, 1924.75),
(9, 5, 874.50, 596.50),
(9, 5, 2721.50, 2175.50)


select * from @tblyear
select * from @ChargeableYearDetails

/*I tried this , but given wrong result*/
select * from @ChargeableYearDetails
pivot 
(
    max(CumulativeHrs)
    FOR year in ([1],[2],[3],[4],[5])
) as p

Answer 1

我的回答有点复杂，但我应该发布。我使用动态sql和透视。

DECLARE @columnsH nvarchar(500),
        @columnsCH nvarchar(500),
        @columns nvarchar(1000),
        @sql nvarchar(4000)

CREATE TABLE #tblyear (id int, [year] int)
INSERT INTO #tblyear VALUES (1,2012), (2,2013),(3,2014) ,(4,2015),(5,2016)

CREATE TABLE #ChargeableYearDetails (id int, [year] int, CumulativeHrs numeric(18,2), CumulativeChargeableHrs  numeric(18,2))
INSERT INTO #ChargeableYearDetails VALUES 
(1, 1, 1657.75, 1243.50),(2, 1, 3925.50, 3044.75),(3, 2, 870.25, 568.25),
(4, 2, 2517.75, 1808.00),(5, 3, 189.50, 99.00),(6, 3, 1982.75, 1295.25),
(7, 4, 539.00, 351.00),(8, 4, 2542.75, 1924.75),(9, 5, 874.50, 596.50),
(9, 5, 2721.50, 2175.50)

SELECT @columnsH = STUFF((SELECT DISTINCT ',' + QUOTENAME('CumulativeHrsYY'+ CAST([Year] AS NVARCHAR(4))) FROM #tblyear FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'')
SELECT @columnsCH = STUFF((SELECT DISTINCT ',' + QUOTENAME('CumulativeChargeableHrs'+ CAST([Year] AS NVARCHAR(4))) FROM #tblyear FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'')
SELECT @columns = STUFF((SELECT DISTINCT ',' + QUOTENAME('CumulativeHrsYY'+ CAST([Year] AS NVARCHAR(4))) +',' + QUOTENAME('CumulativeChargeableHrs'+ CAST([Year] AS NVARCHAR(4))) FROM #tblyear FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'')

SELECT @sql = '

SELECT '+ @columns+'
FROM (
SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT ''CumulativeHrsYY''+ CAST(t.[Year] AS NVARCHAR(4)) as [Year], 
            c.CumulativeHrs, 
            ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY c.[year] ORDER BY c.[year]) as rn
    FROM #ChargeableYearDetails c
    LEFT JOIN #tblyear t
        ON t.ID = c.[year]
    ) as t
pivot 
(
    max(CumulativeHrs)
    FOR [year] in ('+@columnsH+')
) as p
) as part1
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT ''CumulativeChargeableHrs''+ CAST(t.[Year] AS NVARCHAR(4)) as [Year],
            c.CumulativeChargeableHrs,
            ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY c.[year] ORDER BY c.[year]) as rn
    FROM #ChargeableYearDetails c
    LEFT JOIN #tblyear t
        ON t.ID = c.[year]
    ) as t
pivot 
(
    max(CumulativeChargeableHrs)
    FOR [year] in ('+@columnsCH+')
) as p
) as part2
ON part1.rn = part2.rn'

EXEC(@sql)

DROP TABLE #ChargeableYearDetails
DROP TABLE #tblyear

输出：

CumulativeHrsYY2012 CumulativeChargeableHrs2012 CumulativeHrsYY2013 CumulativeChargeableHrs2013 CumulativeHrsYY2014 CumulativeChargeableHrs2014 CumulativeHrsYY2015 CumulativeChargeableHrs2015 CumulativeHrsYY2016 CumulativeChargeableHrs2016
1657.75             1243.50                     870.25              568.25                      189.50              99.00                       539.00              351.00                      874.50                  596.50
3925.50             3044.75                     2517.75             1808.00                     1982.75             1295.25                     2542.75             1924.75                     2721.50             2175.50

Answer 2

使用动态sql，这样的东西会起作用。已将表var更改为临时表。您将不得不更改它以适应多行。只需将一个组添加到数据透视表。请参考此msdn blog post on how to pivot on multiple fields

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX), @cols2 AS NVARCHAR(MAX), @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME('Cumulative Hours ' + cast(year as varchar(4))) 
                    from #tblyear
                    group by year, id
                    order by id
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')
select @cols2 = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME('Cumulative Chargable Hours ' + cast(year as varchar(4))) 
                    from #tblyear
                    group by year, id
                    order by id
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

DECLARE @colsMax AS NVARCHAR(MAX), @cols2Max AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
select @colsMax = STUFF((SELECT ', MAX(' + QUOTENAME('Cumulative Hours ' + cast(year as varchar(4))) + ') ' + QUOTENAME('Cumulative Hours ' + cast(year as varchar(4)))
                    from #tblyear
                    group by year, id
                    order by id
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')
select @cols2Max = STUFF((SELECT ', MAX(' + QUOTENAME('Cumulative Chargable Hours ' + cast(year as varchar(4))) + ') ' + QUOTENAME('Cumulative Chargable Hours ' + cast(year as varchar(4)))
                    from #tblyear
                    group by year, id
                    order by id
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query = N'SELECT ' + @colsMax + ',' + @cols2Max + N' from 
             (
                select CumulativeHrs, CumulativeChargeableHrs
                , ''Cumulative Hours '' +  cast(b.year as varchar(4)) as [CumHours]
                , ''Cumulative Chargable Hours '' +  cast(b.year as varchar(4)) as [CumChargableHours]
                from #ChargeableYearDetails a join #tblyear b on a.year = b.id
            ) query
            pivot 
            (
                max(CumulativeHrs)
                for CumHours in (' + @cols + N')
            ) p
            pivot 
            (
                max(CumulativeChargeableHrs)
                for CumChargableHours in (' + @cols2 + N')
            ) p2 

            '
print @query
exec sp_executesql @query;

Answer 3

您可以使用动态sql执行此操作..这将为每年/小时组合创建一些MAX（CASE WHEN）语句。然后使用EXEC sp_executesql @sql或仅EXEC(@sql)

DECLARE @Sql NVARCHAR(MAX),
        @Cols NVARCHAR(MAX)

SELECT  @Cols = COALESCE(@Cols + ', ', '') +
        'MAX(CASE WHEN Year = ' + CAST(id AS VARCHAR) + ' THEN CumulativeHrs END) AS [Cumulative Hrs YTD - ' + CAST([year] AS VARCHAR) + '], ' +
        'MAX(CASE WHEN Year = ' + CAST(id AS VARCHAR) + ' THEN CumulativeChargeableHrs END) AS [Cumulative Chargeable Hrs ' + CAST([year] AS VARCHAR) + '] ' 
FROM    tblyear
ORDER BY [year] DESC

SET     @Sql = 'SELECT ' + @Cols 
                + ' FROM (SELECT *, Row_number() Over (Partition by [year] order by id) Rn FROM ChargeableYearDetails) t '
                + ' GROUP BY Rn'


EXEC sp_executesql @Sql

如果不首先将它们定义为类型，您将无法在此类查询中使用表变量，但我猜您正在使用实际表。

还添加了Row_number以将每年的每条记录分成单独的行

Answer 4

可以使用PIVOT子句，但这有两个缺点。首先，它只能旋转一列。其次它无法处理动态列;你必须预先指定它们。

在这个例子中，我使用两个CTE来旋转每一列，然后加入结果集。

在C＃编程的中间层中实现这一点可能会更好。

WITH cteHrs AS
(
    SELECT id, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
        FROM
            (SELECT id, [year], CumulativeHrs
                FROM @ChargeableYearDetails) AS H
        PIVOT
        (
            SUM(CumulativeHrs)
            FOR [year] IN ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5])
        ) as pvtH
),
cteChgHrs AS
(
    SELECT id, [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
        FROM
            (SELECT id, [year], CumulativeChargeableHrs
                FROM @ChargeableYearDetails) AS C
        PIVOT
        (
            SUM(CumulativeChargeableHrs)
            FOR [year] IN ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5])
        ) as pvtC
)
SELECT COALESCE(C.id, H.id) AS 'id',
        C.[1] AS 'Cum Hrs 2012', H.[1] AS 'Cum Chg Hrs 2012',
        C.[2] AS 'Cum Hrs 2013', H.[2] AS 'Cum Chg Hrs 2013',
        C.[3] AS 'Cum Hrs 2014', H.[3] AS 'Cum Chg Hrs 2014',
        C.[4] AS 'Cum Hrs 2015', H.[4] AS 'Cum Chg Hrs 2015',
        C.[5] AS 'Cum Hrs 2016', H.[5] AS 'Cum Chg Hrs 2016'
    FROM cteHrs AS H
        FULL OUTER JOIN cteChgHrs AS C
            ON C.id = H.id;

结果集就是这样。