我正在尝试制作一个存储过程，根据他们正在服用的课程（显然）来制定学生的日程安排。但是，我相信连接会导致存储过程返回两行。
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION generateStudentSchedule(TEXT, REFCURSOR) RETURNS refcursor AS
$$
DECLARE
tfname TEXT := $1;
ref REFCURSOR := $2;
BEGIN
OPEN ref FOR
SELECT c.courseName, l.day, l.startTime, l.endTime
FROM ClassEvent l
JOIN Sections s ON l.courseID = s.courseID
JOIN Courses c ON l.courseID = c.courseID
JOIN Enrollment e ON e.courseID = l.courseID
WHERE (e.studentID IN (SELECT studentID
FROM Students
WHERE studentID IN (SELECT pid
FROM People
WHERE fname = tfname))
AND l.sectionNumber = e.sectionNumber)
ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN l.day = 'Monday' THEN 1
WHEN l.day = 'Tuesday' THEN 2
WHEN l.day = 'Wednesday' THEN 3
WHEN l.day = 'Thursday' THEN 4
WHEN l.day = 'Friday' THEN 5
END ASC, l.starttime;
RETURN ref;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
这是输出： output
有关如何解决此问题的任何建议吗？
以下是我的数据库表格的快照
-- HOLDS A SPECIFIC COURSE WITHOUT THE INSTANCES OF THE CLASS --
CREATE TABLE Courses (
courseID SERIAL UNIQUE NOT NULL,
department TEXT NOT NULL,
courseNumber VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
courseName TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
credits INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(courseID)
);
-- HOLDS A SPECIFIC COURSE OFFERINGS --
CREATE TABLE ClassesAvailable (
courseID INT NOT NULL,
year INT NOT NULL,
term TEXT NOT NULL,
CHECK(term = 'Fall' OR term = 'Winter' OR term = 'Spring' OR term = 'Summer'),
PRIMARY KEY(courseID, year, term)
);
-- PEOPLE SUPERTYPE --
CREATE TABLE People (
pid SERIAL UNIQUE NOT NULL,
fname TEXT NOT NULL,
lname TEXT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(pid)
);
-- HOLDS THE DIFFERENT PROFESSORS TEACHING AT THE SCHOOL --
-- SUBTYPE OF PEOPLE --
CREATE TABLE Professors (
professorID INT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
status TEXT NOT NULL,
CHECK(status = 'Full-Time' OR status = 'Part-time'),
PRIMARY KEY(professorID),
FOREIGN KEY(professorID) REFERENCES People(pid)
);
-- HOLDS THE SPECIFIC INSTANCES OF THE CLASS DEPENDING ON THE YEAR AND TERM --
CREATE TABLE Sections (
courseID INT NOT NULL,
year INT NOT NULL,
term TEXT NOT NULL,
sectionNumber INT NOT NULL,
startDate DATE NOT NULL,
endDate DATE NOT NULL,
crn INT NOT NULL,
classSize INT NOT NULL,
CHECK(term = 'Fall' OR term = 'Winter' OR term = 'Spring' OR term = 'Summer'),
PRIMARY KEY(courseID, year, term, sectionNumber),
FOREIGN KEY(courseID, year, term) REFERENCES ClassesAvailable(courseID, year, term)
);
-- HOLDS THE EVENT OF THE CLASS --
-- A CLASS MAY HAVE DIFFERENT DAYS ON WHICH --
-- THEY MEET ON, SO THIS ALLOWS A CERTAIN --
-- SECTION TO HAVE SEVERAL DAYS WITHOUT CONFLICT --
CREATE TABLE ClassEvent (
professorID INT NOT NULL,
courseID INT NOT NULL,
year INT NOT NULL,
term TEXT NOT NULL,
sectionNumber INT NOT NULL,
day TEXT,
startTime TIME,
endTime TIME,
location TEXT,
campus TEXT,
CHECK(day = 'Monday' OR day = 'Tuesday' OR day = 'Wednesday' OR day = 'Thursday' OR day = 'Friday' OR day = 'Saturday' OR day = 'Sunday' OR day IS NULL),
CHECK(term = 'Fall' OR term = 'Winter' OR term = 'Spring' OR term = 'Summer'),
CHECK(campus = 'Main' OR campus = 'Online' OR campus = 'Italy'),
PRIMARY KEY(professorID, courseID, year, term, sectionNumber, day, startTime, endTime),
FOREIGN KEY(professorID) REFERENCES Professors(professorID),
FOREIGN KEY(courseID, year, term, sectionNumber) REFERENCES Sections(courseID, year, term, sectionNumber)
);
-- GENERATES THE PREREQUESITES --
CREATE TABLE Prerequisites (
courseID INT NOT NULL,
year INT NOT NULL,
term TEXT NOT NULL,
prereqID INT NOT NULL,
CHECK(term = 'Fall' OR term = 'Winter' OR term = 'Spring' OR term = 'Summer'),
PRIMARY KEY(courseID, year, term, prereqID),
FOREIGN KEY(courseID, year, term) REFERENCES ClassesAvailable(courseID, year, term),
FOREIGN KEY(prereqID) REFERENCES Courses(courseID)
);
-- HOLDS THE STUDENTS THAT WILL BE TAKING THE CLASSES --
-- SUBTYPE OF PEOPLE --
CREATE TABLE Students (
studentID INT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
gradYear INT NOT NULL,
creditsEarned INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(studentID),
FOREIGN KEY(studentID) REFERENCES People(pid)
);
-- HOLDS A CLASS RECORD FOR STUDENTS (AND POSSIBLY PROFESSORS) --
CREATE TABLE Enrollment (
studentID INT NOT NULL,
courseID INT NOT NULL,
year INT NOT NULL,
term TEXT NOT NULL,
sectionNumber INT NOT NULL,
CHECK(term = 'Fall' OR term = 'Winter' OR term = 'Spring' OR term = 'Summer'),
PRIMARY KEY(studentID, courseID, year, term, sectionNumber),
FOREIGN KEY(studentID) REFERENCES Students(studentID),
FOREIGN KEY(courseID, year, term, sectionNumber) REFERENCES Sections(courseID, year, term, sectionNumber)
);
-- HOLDS THE DIFFERENT DEGREES THAT CAN BE ATTAINED AT THE COLLEGE/UNIVERSITY --
CREATE TABLE Degrees (
degreeID SERIAL UNIQUE NOT NULL,
degreeName TEXT NOT NULL,
degreeType TEXT NOT NULL,
degDepartment VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL,
CHECK(degreeType = 'Major' OR degreeType = 'Minor' OR degreeType = 'Masters'),
PRIMARY KEY(degreeID)
);
-- HOLDS THE CLASSES THAT WILL MAKE UP A DEGREE --
CREATE TABLE DegreeReq (
degreeID INT REFERENCES Degrees(degreeID) NOT NULL,
courseID INT REFERENCES Courses(courseID) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(degreeID, courseID)
);
-- HOLDS THE INSTANCE OF A DEGREE FOR A CERTAIN STUDENT --
-- FOR EXAMPLE: A STUDENT CAN HAVE A MAJOR AND A MINOR --
-- SO HE/SHE CAN STORE THEM SEPARATELY --
CREATE TABLE DegreeInstance (
degreeID INT REFERENCES Degrees(degreeID) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
studentID INT REFERENCES Students(studentID) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
startDate DATE NOT NULL,
endDate DATE NOT NULL,
creditsRequired INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(degreeID, studentID)
);
-- HOLDS ALL THE RATE MY PROFESSOR STATS --
CREATE TABLE Rating (
professorID INT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
rmpID BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
avgRating FLOAT NOT NULL,
avgHelpfulness FLOAT NOT NULL,
avgClarity FLOAT NOT NULL,
avgEasiness FLOAT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(professorID, rmpID),
FOREIGN KEY(professorID) REFERENCES Professors(professorID)
);
-- HOLDS CLASS RECORDS FOR STUDENTS --
CREATE TABLE ClassRecord (
studentID INT NOT NULL,
courseID INT NOT NULL,
year INT NOT NULL,
term TEXT NOT NULL,
grade TEXT NOT NULL,
CHECK(grade = 'A' OR grade = 'A-' OR grade = 'B+' OR grade = 'B' OR grade = 'B-' OR grade = 'C+' OR grade = 'C' OR grade = 'C-' OR grade = 'D+' OR grade = 'D' OR grade = 'D-' OR grade = 'F' OR grade = 'P'),
PRIMARY KEY(studentID, courseID, year, term, grade),
FOREIGN KEY(courseID, year, term) REFERENCES ClassesAvailable(courseID, year, term),
FOREIGN KEY(studentID) REFERENCES Students(studentID)
);
答案 0 :(得分：2)
我知道有两个选项可以帮到你。您可以使用DISTINCT或GROUP BY。
DISTINCT看起来像是：
SELECT DISTINCT c.courseName, l.day, l.startTime, l.endTime
这确保只返回唯一的行。
GROUP BY选项如下：
AND l.sectionNumber = e.sectionNumber)
GROUP BY c.courseName, l.day, l.startTime, l.endTime
ORDER BY
这也可以确保每个类似组中只返回1行。
使用DISTINCT，您可以轻松添加更多选择列，而无需进行其他更改。 DISTINCT将确保整行列不同。
使用GROUP BY，每次更改选择列时，您还需要更新GROUP BY子句。
从性能角度来看，在处理多个列时，GROUP BY往往是首选。获取单个列的所有不同值时，DISTINCT似乎更常见。