python lxml findall具有多个名称空间

时间:2016-04-21 18:15:16

标签: python xpath lxml xml-namespaces

我正在尝试使用lxml解析带有多个命名空间的XML文档,而我仍然坚持让findall()方法返回一些内容。

我的XML:

<MeasurementRecords xmlns="http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07"
                    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         
                    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07 RSP_EWS_V1.6.xsd">
    <HistoryRecords>
        <ValueItemId>100_0000100004_3788_Resource-0.customId_WSx Data Precip Type</ValueItemId>
            <List>
                <HistoryRecord>
                    <Value>60</Value>
                    <State>Valid</State>
                    <TimeStamp>2016-04-20T12:40:00Z</TimeStamp>
                </HistoryRecord>
            </List>
        </HistoryRecords>
    <HistoryRecords>
</MeasurementRecords>

我的代码:

from lxml import etree
from pprint import pprint

RSPxmlFile = '/home/user/Desktop/100_0000100004_3788_20160420144011263_records.xml'

with open (RSPxmlFile, 'rt') as f:
    tree = etree.parse(f)

root = tree.getroot()

for node in tree.findall('MeasurementRecords', root.nsmap):
    print node
    print "parameter = ", node.text

给出:

ValueError: empty namespace prefix is not supported in ElementPath

我在阅读this之后尝试了一些实验:

>>> root.nsmap
{'xsi': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance', None: http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07'}

>>> nsmap['foo']=nsmap[None]
>>> nsmap.pop(None)
'http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07'
>>> nsmap
{'xsi': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance', 'foo': 'http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07'}
>>> tree.xpath("//MeasurementRecords", namespaces=nsmap)
[]
>>> tree.xpath('/foo:MeasurementRecords', namespaces=nsmap)
[<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}MeasurementRecords at 0x6ffffda5290>]
>>> tree.xpath('/foo:MeasurementRecords/HistoryRecords', namespaces=nsmap)
[]

但这似乎没有帮助。

所以,更多的实验:

>>> tree.findall('//{http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}MeasurementRecords')
[]
>>> print root
<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}MeasurementRecords at 0x6ffffda5290>
>>> print tree
<lxml.etree._ElementTree object at 0x6ffffda5368>
>>> for node in tree.iter():
...     print node
...
<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}MeasurementRecords at 0x6ffffda5290>
<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}HistoryRecords at 0x6ffffda5cf8>
<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}ValueItemId at 0x6ffffda5f38>
...etc...
>>> tree.findall("//HistoryRecords", namespaces=nsmap)
[]
>>> tree.findall("//foo:MeasurementRecords/HistoryRecords", namespaces=nsmap)
[]

我很难过。我不知道出了什么问题。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

如果你从这开始:

>>> tree = etree.parse(open('data.xml'))
>>> root = tree.getroot()
>>> 

这将无法找到任何元素......

>>> root.findall('{http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}MeasurementRecords')
[]

...但那是因为root 一个MeasurementRecords元素;它 不包含任何MeasurementRecords个元素。在另一 手,以下工作正常:

>>> root.findall('{http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}HistoryRecords')
[<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}HistoryRecords at 0x7fccd0332ef0>]
>>> 

使用xpath方法,您可以执行以下操作:

>>> nsmap={'a': 'http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07',
... 'b': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'}
>>> root.xpath('//a:HistoryRecords', namespaces=nsmap)
[<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}HistoryRecords at 0x7fccd0332ef0>]

所以:

  • findallfind方法需要{...namespace...}ElementName语法。
  • xpath方法需要名称空间前缀(ns:ElementName),它在提供的namespaces地图中查找。 前缀不必与原始文档中使用的前缀匹配,但名称空间URL 必须匹配。

这样可行:

>>> root.find('{http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}HistoryRecords/{http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}ValueItemId')
<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}ValueItemId at 0x7fccd0332a70>

或者这样做:

>>> root.xpath('/a:MeasurementRecords/a:HistoryRecords/a:ValueItemId',namespaces=nsmap)
[<Element {http://www.company.com/common/rsp/2012/07}ValueItemId at 0x7fccd0330830>]