请求库无法正确POST,但urllib成功[python]

时间:2016-04-21 11:01:04

标签: python http post python-requests urllib

我正在尝试将查询发布到RSCB PDB Web服务,如here所述。

我设置了网址,并以XML格式查询:

import urllib.request as urllib
import requests

url = "http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/rest/search"

queryText = """
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<orgPdbQuery>
<version>B0907</version>
<queryType>org.pdb.query.simple.ExpTypeQuery</queryType>
<description>Experimental Method Search: Experimental Method=SOLID-STATE NMR</description>
<mvStructure.expMethod.value>SOLID-STATE NMR</mvStructure.expMethod.value>
</orgPdbQuery>
"""

然后我定义了两种可能的方法来发布这些数据:

def query_old_fashioned(url, query_xml):
    req = urllib.Request(url, data=query_xml.encode())
    f = urllib.urlopen(req)
    result = f.read()
    return result.decode()


def query_with_requests(url, query_xml):
    response = requests.post(url, data=query_xml.encode())
    return response.text

# result = query_old_fashioned(url, queryText)
# result = query_with_requests(url, queryText)

使用第一个函数,使用老式的urllib.request,我得到了正确的结果 - 一个包含4个字符串的列表。

使用第二个函数,据我所知,完全同样的事情,我得到一个返回的JSP错误消息HTML。这是在浏览器中显示的错误消息:

type Exception report

message

description The server encountered an internal error that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception

java.lang.NullPointerException
    java.util.StringTokenizer.<init>(StringTokenizer.java:199)
    java.util.StringTokenizer.<init>(StringTokenizer.java:221)
    org.rcsb.servlet.RestfulServiceServlet.doPost(RestfulServiceServlet.java:1371)
    javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:650)
    javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
    org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
    org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:86)
    org.pdb.util.web.OutOfServiceFilter.doFilter(OutOfServiceFilter.java:91)
    org.pdb.util.web.DOSFilter.doFilter(DOSFilter.java:158)
    org.pdb.util.web.AntiRobotFilter.doFilter(AntiRobotFilter.java:29)
    org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.RuleChain.handleRewrite(RuleChain.java:176)
    org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.RuleChain.doRules(RuleChain.java:145)
    org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriter.processRequest(UrlRewriter.java:92)
    org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter.doFilter(UrlRewriteFilter.java:394)
note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Apache Tomcat/7.0.61 logs.

我知道一个小JSP,但是我还没有能够从这个错误消息中找出POST失败的原因,也不清楚为什么请求失败但标准库的urllib成功了。我甚至试图在github上查看请求库的源代码,试图找到请求创建请求的确切方式,但是我没有成功完成这项工作。

这是使用Python 3.我首先使用Ubuntu遇到了这个问题,并且已经在Windows 10上重现了它。

任何帮助都会非常感激。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

我设法解决了这个问题。

我检查了正在发送的HTTP请求,并看到请求发送了这个:

POST /pdb/rest/search HTTP/1.1
Host: www.rcsb.org
User-Agent: python-requests/2.8.1
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 316
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<orgPdbQuery>
<version>B0907</version>
<queryType>org.pdb.query.simple.ExpTypeQuery</queryType>
<description>Experimental Method Search: Experimental Method=SOLID-STATE NMR</de
scription>
<mvStructure.expMethod.value>SOLID-STATE NMR</mvStructure.expMethod.value>
</orgPdbQuery>

...而且urllib发送了这个......

POST /pdb/rest/search HTTP/1.1
Accept-Encoding: identity
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 316
User-Agent: Python-urllib/3.4
Connection: close
Host: www.rcsb.org


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<orgPdbQuery>
<version>B0907</version>
<queryType>org.pdb.query.simple.ExpTypeQuery</queryType>
<description>Experimental Method Search: Experimental Method=SOLID-STATE NMR</de
scription>
<mvStructure.expMethod.value>SOLID-STATE NMR</mvStructure.expMethod.value>
</orgPdbQuery>

有一些标题不同,通过玩它们,我发现它是请求请求中需要的Content-Type标题。

现在可以使用以下内容:

response = requests.post(
  url,
  data=query_xml.encode(),
  headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
)

感谢Philipp运行我的原始代码并验证这在技术上是可行的。我怀疑他的请求版本不同于我。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

在我的Ubuntu机器上它工作正常。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import requests
import urllib.request as urllib


def query_old_fashioned(url, query_xml):
    req = urllib.Request(url, data=query_xml.encode())
    f = urllib.urlopen(req)
    result = f.read()
    return result.decode()


def query_with_requests(url, query_xml):
    response = requests.post(url, data=query_xml.encode())
    return response.text


def test():
    url = "http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/rest/search"

    query = """
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<orgPdbQuery>
<version>B0907</version>
<queryType>org.pdb.query.simple.ExpTypeQuery</queryType>
<description>Experimental Method Search: Experimental Method=SOLID-STATE NMR</description>
<mvStructure.expMethod.value>SOLID-STATE NMR</mvStructure.expMethod.value>
</orgPdbQuery>"""

    print(query_old_fashioned(url, query))
    print(query_with_requests(url, query))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()

    print("done")

两者都打印出来。您使用的是什么版本的python?我在Ubuntu 14.03上使用Python 3.4.3