Go似乎没有强制遵守接口的结构。为什么以下代码编译?
package main
type LocalInterface interface {
SomeMethod(string) error
SomeOtherMethod(string) error
}
type LocalStruct struct {
LocalInterface
myOwnField string
}
func main() {
var localInterface LocalInterface = &LocalStruct{myOwnField:"test"}
localInterface.SomeMethod("calling some method")
}
由于SomeMethod
未实现,因此似乎无法编译。go build
不会导致任何问题。
运行它会导致运行时错误:
> go run main.go
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
[signal 0xc0000005 code=0x0 addr=0x20 pc=0x4013b0]
goroutine 1 [running]:
panic(0x460760, 0xc08200a090)
C:/Go/src/runtime/panic.go:464 +0x3f4
main.(*LocalStruct).SomeMethod(0xc0820064e0, 0x47bf30, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0)
<autogenerated>:3 +0x70
main.main()
C:/Users/kdeenanauth/Documents/git/go/src/gitlab.com/kdeenanauth/structTest/main.go:16 +0x98
exit status 2
答案 0 :(得分:7)
当嵌入了一个类型时(在你的示例LocalInterface
中嵌入了LocalStruct
),Go会创建一个嵌入类型的字段并将其方法提升为封闭类型。
以下声明
type LocalStruct struct {
LocalInterface
myOwnField string
}
相当于
type LocalStruct struct {
LocalInterface LocalInterface
myOwnField string
}
func (ls *LocalStruct) SomeMethod(s string) error {
return ls.LocalInterface.SomeMethod(s)
}
由于LocalInterface
字段为nil
,您的程序会因为nil指针取消引用而发生恐慌。
以下程序“修复”恐慌(http://play.golang.org/p/Oc3Mfn6LaL):
package main
type LocalInterface interface {
SomeMethod(string) error
}
type LocalStruct struct {
LocalInterface
myOwnField string
}
type A int
func (a A) SomeMethod(s string) error {
println(s)
return nil
}
func main() {
var localInterface LocalInterface = &LocalStruct{
LocalInterface: A(10),
myOwnField: "test",
}
localInterface.SomeMethod("calling some method")
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
经过进一步调查,我发现避免嵌入会得到正确的错误处理处理。在我的情况下,这将是首选:
package main
type LocalInterface interface {
SomeMethod(string) error
SomeOtherMethod(string) error
}
type LocalStruct struct {
myOwnField string
}
func main() {
var localInterface LocalInterface = &LocalStruct{myOwnField:"test"}
localInterface.SomeMethod("calling some method")
}
结果:
。\ main.go:13:在赋值时不能使用LocalStruct文字(类型* LocalStruct)作为LocalInterface类型: * LocalStruct没有实现LocalInterface(缺少SomeMethod方法)