生产数据库上的性能问题

时间:2010-09-08 18:18:06

标签: performance oracle

在查询生产数据库中的表时,我遇到了一些性能问题。虽然查询在测试数据库中运行2.1秒(返回2800万条记录中的8640条),但在生产时,需要2.05分钟(返回3100万条记录中的8640条)。我很难找到问题因为我不是oracle专家。 由于两个数据库中的解释计划都显示了正确的索引用法,我倾向于认为问题在于表/索引的创建。 我注意到用于创建表的SQL脚本之间存在一些细微差别:

测试数据库:

create table TB_PONTO_ENE
(
  cd_ponto          NUMBER(10) not null,
  cd_fonte          NUMBER(10),
  cd_medidor        NUMBER(10),
  cd_usuario        NUMBER(10),
  dt_hr_insercao    DATE,
  dt_hr_instante    DATE not null,
  dt_hr_hora        DATE,
  dt_hr_dia         DATE,
  dt_hr_mes         DATE,
  dt_hr_instante_hv DATE,
  dt_hr_hora_hv     DATE,
  dt_hr_dia_hv      DATE,
  dt_hr_mes_hv      DATE,
  vl_eneat_del      FLOAT,
  vl_eneat_rec      FLOAT,
  vl_enere_del      FLOAT,
  vl_enere_rec      FLOAT,
  vl_eneat_del_cp   FLOAT,
  vl_eneat_rec_cp   FLOAT,
  vl_enere_del_cp   FLOAT,
  vl_enere_rec_cp   FLOAT
)
tablespace TELEMEDICAO
  pctfree 10
  initrans 1
  maxtrans 255
  storage
  (
    initial 64K
    minextents 1
    maxextents unlimited
  );

alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CP_TB_PONTO_ENE primary key (CD_PONTO, DT_HR_INSTANTE)
  using index 
  tablespace TELEMEDICAO
  pctfree 10
  initrans 2
  maxtrans 255
  storage
  (
    initial 64K
    minextents 1
    maxextents unlimited
  );
alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CE_PENE_CD_FONTE foreign key (CD_FONTE)
  references TB_FONTE (CD_FONTE) on delete set null;
alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CE_PENE_CD_MEDIDOR foreign key (CD_MEDIDOR)
  references TB_MEDIDOR (CD_MEDIDOR) on delete set null;
alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CE_PENE_CD_PONTO foreign key (CD_PONTO)
  references TB_PONTO (CD_PONTO) on delete cascade;
alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CE_PENE_CD_USUARIO foreign key (CD_USUARIO)
  references TB_USUARIO (CD_USUARIO) on delete set null
  disable;

生产数据库:

create table TB_PONTO_ENE
(
  cd_ponto          NUMBER(10) not null,
  cd_fonte          NUMBER(10),
  cd_medidor        NUMBER(10),
  cd_usuario        NUMBER(10),
  dt_hr_insercao    DATE,
  dt_hr_instante    DATE not null,
  dt_hr_hora        DATE,
  dt_hr_dia         DATE,
  dt_hr_mes         DATE,
  dt_hr_instante_hv DATE,
  dt_hr_hora_hv     DATE,
  dt_hr_dia_hv      DATE,
  dt_hr_mes_hv      DATE,
  vl_eneat_del      FLOAT,
  vl_eneat_rec      FLOAT,
  vl_enere_del      FLOAT,
  vl_enere_rec      FLOAT,
  vl_eneat_del_cp   FLOAT,
  vl_eneat_rec_cp   FLOAT,
  vl_enere_del_cp   FLOAT,
  vl_enere_rec_cp   FLOAT
)
tablespace TELEMEDICAO
  pctfree 10
  initrans 1
  maxtrans 255
  storage
  (
    initial 64K
    next 5M
    minextents 1
    maxextents unlimited
    pctincrease 0
  );

alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CP_TB_PONTO_ENE primary key (CD_PONTO, DT_HR_INSTANTE)
  using index 
  tablespace MEDICAO_NDX
  pctfree 10
  initrans 2
  maxtrans 255
  storage
  (
    initial 64K
    next 1M
    minextents 1
    maxextents unlimited
    pctincrease 0
  );
alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CE_PENE_CD_FONTE foreign key (CD_FONTE)
  references TB_FONTE (CD_FONTE) on delete set null;
alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CE_PENE_CD_MEDIDOR foreign key (CD_MEDIDOR)
  references TB_MEDIDOR (CD_MEDIDOR) on delete set null;
alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CE_PENE_CD_PONTO foreign key (CD_PONTO)
  references TB_PONTO (CD_PONTO) on delete cascade;
alter table TB_PONTO_ENE
  add constraint CE_PENE_CD_USUARIO foreign key (CD_USUARIO)
  references TB_USUARIO (CD_USUARIO) on delete set null;

生产数据库将索引放在另一个表空间中。另一个区别是表空间声明中的next 5M(没有在测试数据库中定义的值)。

在查看索引属性时,我也看到了一些差异:

测试数据库:

  • AVG_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_KEY 1
  • AVG_LEAF_BLOCKS_PER_KEY 1
  • BLEVEL 2
  • BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
  • CLUSTERING_FACTOR 611494
  • COMPRESSION 已禁用
  • DEGREE 1
  • DISTINCT_KEYS 28568389
  • 已删除
  • 生成 N
  • GLOBAL_STATS
  • INDEX_NAME CP_TB_PONTO_ENE
  • INDEX_TYPE 正常
  • INITIAL_EXTENT 65536
  • INI_TRANS 2
  • INSTANCES 1
  • IOT_REDUNDANT_PKEY_ELIM
  • JOIN_INDEX
  • LAST_ANALYZED 21/07/2010 22:08:34
  • LEAF_BLOCKS 85809
  • 记录
  • MAX_EXTENTS 2147483645
  • MAX_TRANS 255
  • MIN_EXTENTS 1
  • NUM_ROWS 28568389
  • 分区
  • PCT_FREE 10
  • SAMPLE_SIZE 377209
  • SECONDARY N
  • 状态有效
  • TABLESPACE_NAME TELEMEDICAO
  • TABLE_NAME TB_PONTO_ENE
  • TABLE_TYPE
  • TEMPORARY N
  • UNIQUENESS UNIQUE
  • USER_STATS

生产数据库:

  • AVG_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_KEY 1
  • AVG_LEAF_BLOCKS_PER_KEY 1
  • BLEVEL 2
  • BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
  • CLUSTERING_FACTOR 10154395
  • COMPRESSION 已禁用
  • DEGREE 1
  • DISTINCT_KEYS 14004395
  • 生成 N
  • GLOBAL_STATS
  • INDEX_NAME CP_TB_PONTO_ENE
  • INDEX_TYPE 正常
  • INITIAL_EXTENT 65536
  • INI_TRANS 2
  • INSTANCES 1
  • JOIN_INDEX
  • LAST_ANALYZED 05/03/2010 08:45:19
  • LEAF_BLOCKS 42865
  • 记录
  • MAX_EXTENTS 2147483645
  • MAX_TRANS 255
  • MIN_EXTENTS 1
  • NEXT_EXTENT 1048576
  • NUM_ROWS 14004395
  • 分区
  • PCT_FREE 10
  • PCT_INCREASE 0
  • SAMPLE_SIZE 2800879
  • SECONDARY N
  • 状态有效
  • TABLESPACE_NAME MEDICAO_NDX
  • TABLE_NAME TB_PONTO_ENE
  • TABLE_TYPE
  • TEMPORARY N
  • UNIQUENESS UNIQUE
  • USER_STATS

我注意到另外两件事:select count(*) from thetable的解释计划显示索引在测试数据库中使用,但在生产数据库中显示完整的表扫描。这引出了另一个观察结果:测试数据库索引有160MB,生产数据库有超过1GB(我们不对此表进行删除)。 有人能指出我的解决方案吗?

更新

以下是执行计划:

测试数据库:

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1441290166

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation             | Name                | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT      |                     |     1 | 18767   (4)| 00:03:46 |

|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE       |                     |     1 |            |          |

|   2 |   INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IDX_HV_TB_PONTO_ENE |    28M| 18767   (4)| 00:03:46 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
        111  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
      83586  consistent gets
      83533  physical reads
          0  redo size
        422  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        399  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          2  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

生产数据库

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
   0      SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=RULE
   1    0   SORT (AGGREGATE)
   2    1     TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'TB_PONTO_ENE'




Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          3  db block gets
     605327  consistent gets
     603698  physical reads
        180  redo size
        201  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        242  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

更新2

生产服务器正在运行Oracle 9.2.0。

更新3

以下是优化程序模式设置为CHOOSE时执行的统计信息:

SQL> SELECT dt_hr_instante, vl_eneat_del,vl_eneat_rec,vl_enere_del, vl_enere_rec  FROM tb_ponto_ene WHERE cd_ponto = 31 AND dt_hr_instante BETWEEN to_date('01/06/2010 00:05:00','dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss') AND  to_date('01/07/2010 00:00:00', 'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss');

8640 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:01:49.51

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
   0      SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=4 Card=1 Bytes=36)
   1    0   TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TB_PONTO_ENE' (Cost=4 Card=1 Bytes=36)
   2    1     INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'CP_TB_PONTO_ENE' (UNIQUE) (Cost=3 Card=1)




Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
        119  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       9169  consistent gets
       7438  physical reads
          0  redo size
     308524  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
       4267  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
        577  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          6  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
       8640  rows processed

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

测试数据库索引属性包括IOT_REDUNDANT_PKEY_ELIM和DROPPED列,但不包括生产索引。这些列是在oracle 10g中添加的。

生产数据库是否可以在旧的9i版本和10g以下的测试数据库下运行?如果是这样,我认为这比其他任何事情都要重要。

如果“select count(*) from thetable”没有使用主键索引,那就很奇怪了。指数统计数据非常过时(如果您建议超过3000万行,最后一次在3月收集,则为14,004,395行)。如果该表在过去六个月中的尺寸增加了一倍,并且其统计数据甚至更旧,则可能是一个问题。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

生产的autotrace计划说“RULE”优化器。如果您查看Oracle Tuning document (9i)部分RBO路径15:全表扫描,它会清楚地表明将使用全表扫描。