让屏幕阅读器阅读使用JavaScript添加的新内容

时间:2010-09-08 17:54:50

标签: javascript accessibility screen-readers

加载网页时,屏幕阅读器(如OS X附带的,或Windows上的JAWS)将读取整个页面的内容。但是请说您的页面是动态的,并且当用户执行操作时,新内容会添加到页面中。为简单起见,假设您在<span>中的某处显示消息。如何让屏幕阅读器阅读新消息?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:27)

WAI-ARIA规范定义了屏幕阅读器可以“观察”DOM元素的几种方式。支持的最佳方法是aria-live属性。它有模式offpoliteassertiverude。自信程度越高,就越有可能打断屏幕阅读器当前所说的内容。

以下内容已在Firefox 3和Firefox 4.0b9下使用NVDA进行了测试:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <script src="js/jquery-1.4.2.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <button onclick="$('#statusbar').html(new Date().toString())">Update</button>
  <div id="statusbar" aria-live="assertive"></div>
</body>

对于WAI-ARIA accomplished role="status"role="alert",同样可以roles。我有不兼容的报告,但无法重现它们。

<div id="statusbar" role="status">...</div>

答案 1 :(得分:1)

这是一个改编的现实世界的例子 - 这个高级标记已经从带有链接的无序列表转换为通过JS的选择菜单。真正的代码要复杂得多,显然不能完全包含在内,所以请记住,必须重新考虑这个代码才能用于生产。为了使选择菜单可以通过键盘访问,我们注册了按键和按键。当用户从列表中删除时,onchange事件并触发了AJAX调用(注意浏览器在onchange事件的时间上的差异)。这是一个可以访问的严肃的PITA,但它是可能的。

  //  HTML

  <!-- select element with content URL -->
  <label for="select_element">State</label>
  <select id="select_element">
     <option value="#URL_TO_CONTENT_PAGE#" rel="alabama">Alabama</option>
  </select>
  <p id="loading_element">Content Loading</p>

  <!-- AJAX content loads into this container -->
  <div id="results_container"></div>


  // JAVASCRIPT (abstracted from a Prototype class, DO NOT use as-is)

  var selectMenu = $('select_element');
  var loadingElement = $('loading_element');
  var resultsContainer = $('results_container');

 // listen for keypress event (omitted other listeners and support test logic)
  this.selectMenu.addEventListener('keypress', this.__keyPressDetector, false);


 /* event callbacks */

 // Keypress listener

  __keyPressDetector:function(e){

    // if we are arrowing through the select, enable the loading element
    if(e.keyCode === 40 || e.keyCode === 38){
        if(e.target.id === 'select_element'){
            this.loadingElement.setAttribute('tabIndex','0');
        }
    }
    // if we tab off of the select, send focus to the loading element
    //  while it is fetching data
     else if(e.keyCode === 9){
        if(targ.id === 'select_element' && targ.options[targ.selectedIndex].value !== ''){            
            this.__changeStateDetector(e);

            this.loadingElement.focus();

        }   
    }
}

// content changer (also used for clicks)
__changeStateDetector:function(e){

    // only execute if there is a state change
    if(this.selectedState !== e.target.options[e.target.selectedIndex].rel){

       // get state name and file path
       var stateName = e.target.options[e.target.selectedIndex].rel;
       var stateFile = e.target.options[e.target.selectedIndex].value;

       // get the state file
       this.getStateFile(stateFile);

       this.selectedState = stateName;

    }
}

getStateFile:function(stateFile){
    new Ajax.Request(stateFile, {
        method: 'get',
        onSuccess:function(transport){      

            // insert markup into container
            var markup = transport.responseText;

            // NOTE: select which part of the fetched page you want to insert, 
            // this code was written to grab the whole page and sort later

            this.resultsContainer.update(markup);

            var timeout = setTimeout(function(){

                // focus on new content
               this.resultsContainer.focus();

            }.bind(this), 150);

        }.bind(this)
    });
}