我已经获得了一些代码,我理解了大部分代码,并知道会发生什么。我在理解这段代码时遇到了问题:
div bl
and ax, 1111111100000000b
我认为第一行只是一个简单的划分,但是and ax, 1111111100000000b
做了什么?
完整的代码是:
section .data
number db 5
answer db 1
section .bss
section .text
global _start
_start:
mov esi, number
keith: mov eax, 0
mov al, [esi]
mov dl, al
mov bl, 2
loopy: div bl ; ax / bl with quotient in al and remainder in ah
and ax, 1111111100000000b
cmp ax, 0
je there
inc bl
cmp bl, dl
je done
mov eax, 0
mov al, [esi]
jmp loopy
; restore the number back into
; ax
there: mov byte[answer], 0
done:
mov eax,1 ; The system call for exit (sys_exit)
mov ebx,0 ; Exit with return code of 0 (no error)
int 80h
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我认为将它写成and ax, 0xFF00
会更清楚,因为计算8个1和8个0对于人类读者来说更难。
最好是xor al,al
将低字节归零(但在写ax
后读取完整al
时会产生部分寄存器减速。)
实际上,代码只是检查剩余部分为零的非常愚蠢的方式。整个代码很漂亮。使用movzx
加载一个字节,其高位字节为零,而不是mov eax,0
/ mov al, [mem]
。
对于测试,只需test ah,ah
/ je there
直接测试其余部分。如果余数为零,and ax
也会设置ZF,因此and ax, 0xFF00 / jz there
也是等效的。这只是糟糕的代码。
这是重写:
section .data
number db 5
is_prime db 1 ; we store a zero if it's not prime
section .text
global _start
_start:
movzx edx, byte [number] ; there was no need to put the pointer in a register
mov ecx, 2
;; This whole algorithm is very naive. Slightly better: check for even (low bit), then only check odd divisors. Google for stuff that's better than trial division.
.trial_division:
mov eax, edx ; fresh copy of number. cheaper than re-loading from cache
div bl ; ax / bl. quotient in al. remainder in ah
test ah,ah ; set flags based on remainder
jz .found_divisor
inc ecx
cmp ecx, edx ; upper bound only needs to be sqrt(number), but we're aiming for small / simple code, not efficiency apparently
jl .trial_division ; the final conditional branch goes at the end of the loop
jmp done
.found_divisor:
mov byte[is_prime], 0
done:
mov eax,1 ; The system call for exit (sys_exit)
xor ebx,ebx ; Exit with return code of 0 (no error)
int 80h
因此,在循环中只有一个未采用的分支,然后使用采用的条件分支进行循环。它几乎不重要,因为div
吞吐量是唯一的瓶颈,但一般情况下尽可能保持insn不在你的循环中。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
div bl
操作执行以下操作:
DIV r / m8 ---无符号除以AX / r8,结果存储在AL←商,AH←剩余。
所以你的代码
keith: mov eax, 0
mov al, [esi]
mov dl, al
mov bl, 2
使用byte ptr [esi]
的前8位设置AX,保存这些低8位,然后将此值除以bl=2
。
loopy: div bl ; ax / bl with quotient in al and remainder in ah
and ax, 1111111100000000b
cmp ax, 0
je there
之前的行有些尴尬,因为and ax, 1111111100000000b
只设置AL=0
- AND
屏蔽了AX
的低8位。另一种选择是MOV AL,0
。
之后,它将AX
与零进行比较,这有点过于复杂,因为AL
刚刚设置为零。
(在您的情况下)最简单(也是最容易理解的方式)将是以下代码:
mov esi, number
keith:
movzx eax, byte ptr [esi] ; or byte [esi] if your using NASM
mov dl, al ; saving this byte
mov bl, 2
loopy:
div bl ; ax / bl with quotient in al and remainder in ah
cmp ah, 0 ; is remainder = 0 ?
je there ; then go to 'there'
...