我想为练习编写测试功能,以确保正确实现功能
所以我想知道,有没有办法,给定一个函数“foo”,来检查它是否是递归实现的?
如果它封装了一个递归函数并使用它,它也会计数。例如:
const std::string base64_padding[] = {"", "==","="};
std::string base64EncodeText(std::string text) {
using namespace boost::archive::iterators;
typedef std::string::const_iterator iterator_type;
typedef base64_from_binary<transform_width<iterator_type, 6, 8> > base64_enc;
std::stringstream ss;
std::copy(base64_enc(text.begin()), base64_enc(text.end()), ostream_iterator<char>(ss));
ss << base64_padding[text.size() % 3];
return ss.str();
}
std::string base64EncodeData(std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
using namespace boost::archive::iterators;
typedef std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator iterator_type;
typedef base64_from_binary<transform_width<iterator_type, 6, 8> > base64_enc;
std::stringstream ss;
std::copy(base64_enc(data.begin()), base64_enc(data.end()), ostream_iterator<char>(ss));
ss << base64_padding[data.size() % 3];
return ss.str();
}
这也应该被认为是递归的。
请注意,我想使用外部测试功能来执行此检查。不改变函数的原始代码。
答案 0 :(得分:6)
解决方案:
from bdb import Bdb
import sys
class RecursionDetected(Exception):
pass
class RecursionDetector(Bdb):
def do_clear(self, arg):
pass
def __init__(self, *args):
Bdb.__init__(self, *args)
self.stack = set()
def user_call(self, frame, argument_list):
code = frame.f_code
if code in self.stack:
raise RecursionDetected
self.stack.add(code)
def user_return(self, frame, return_value):
self.stack.remove(frame.f_code)
def test_recursion(func):
detector = RecursionDetector()
detector.set_trace()
try:
func()
except RecursionDetected:
return True
else:
return False
finally:
sys.settrace(None)
示例用法/测试:
def factorial_recursive(x):
def inner(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
return n * factorial_recursive(n - 1)
return inner(x)
def factorial_iterative(n):
product = 1
for i in xrange(1, n+1):
product *= i
return product
assert test_recursion(lambda: factorial_recursive(5))
assert not test_recursion(lambda: factorial_iterative(5))
assert not test_recursion(lambda: map(factorial_iterative, range(5)))
assert factorial_iterative(5) == factorial_recursive(5) == 120
基本上test_recursion
接受一个没有参数的callable,调用它,并返回True
如果在执行该callable期间的任何时候,相同的代码在堆栈中出现两次,False
除此以外。我认为它可能会发现这不是OP想要的。例如,如果相同的代码在特定时刻出现在堆栈中10次,则可以轻松修改它。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
我还没有为亚历克斯(Alex)的答案进行验证(尽管我认为是可行的,并且比我将要提出的要好得多),但是如果您想要比它简单(或更小)的东西,可以简单地使用sys.getrecursionlimit()
手动将其出错,然后在函数中进行检查。例如,这是我为自己的递归验证编写的:
import sys
def is_recursive(function, *args):
try:
# Calls the function with arguments
function(sys.getrecursionlimit()+1, *args)
# Catches RecursionError instances (means function is recursive)
except RecursionError:
return True
# Catches everything else (may not mean function isn't recursive,
# but it means we probably have a bug somewhere else in the code)
except:
return False
# Return False if it didn't error out (means function isn't recursive)
return False
尽管它可能不太优雅(在某些情况下更是错误),但它比Alex的代码小了 ,并且在大多数情况下都可以正常工作。这里的主要缺点是,使用这种方法时,您要使计算机执行每次递归操作,直到功能达到递归限制为止。我建议使用sys.setrecursionlimit()
临时更改递归限制,同时使用此代码来最大程度地减少处理递归所需的时间,例如:
sys.setrecursionlimit(10)
if is_recursive(my_func, ...):
# do stuff
else:
# do other stuff
sys.setrecursionlimit(1000) # 1000 is the default recursion limit
答案 2 :(得分:0)
from inspect import stack
already_called_recursively = False
def test():
global already_called_recursively
function_name = stack()[1].function
if not already_called_recursively:
already_called_recursively = True
print(test()) # One recursive call, leads to Recursion Detected!
if function_name == test.__name__:
return "Recursion detected!"
else:
return "Called from {}".format(function_name)
print(test()) # Not Recursion, "father" name: "<module>"
def xyz():
print(test()) # Not Recursion, "father" name: "xyz"
xyz()
输出是
Recursion detected!
Called from <module>
Called from xyz
我使用全局变量 already_called_recursively
来确保我只调用它一次,正如你所看到的,在递归时它显示“检测到递归”,因为“父亲”名称与当前名称相同函数,这意味着我从同一个函数又名递归调用它。
其他打印是模块级调用,以及 xyz
内部的调用。
希望有帮助:D