我们使用二进制(16)字段来存储IP地址。我们这样做是因为它可以容纳IPv4和IPv6地址,并且很容易与.Net IPAddress类一起使用。
但是我创建了以下SQL函数来将二进制地址转换为IP地址字符串以进行报告。
CREATE FUNCTION fn_ConvertBinaryIPAddressToString
(
@binaryIP binary(16)
)
RETURNS nvarchar(39)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @ipAsString nvarchar(39)
-- Is IPv4
IF (substring(@binaryIP, 5, 1) = 0x00) <-- Is there a better way?
BEGIN
SELECT @ipAsString = CAST(CAST(substring(@binaryIP, 1, 1) AS int) AS nvarchar(3)) + '.' +
CAST(CAST(substring(@binaryIP, 2, 1) AS int) AS nvarchar(3)) + '.' +
CAST(CAST(substring(@binaryIP, 3, 1) AS int) AS nvarchar(3)) + '.' +
CAST(CAST(substring(@binaryIP, 4, 1) AS int) AS nvarchar(3))
END
ELSE
BEGIN
-- Is IPv6
-- taken and modified from http://support.microsoft.com/kb/104829
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @length int
DECLARE @hexstring char(16)
SELECT @ipAsString = ''
SELECT @i = 1
SELECT @length = 16
SELECT @hexstring = '0123456789ABCDEF'
WHILE (@i <= @length)
BEGIN
DECLARE @tempint int
DECLARE @firstint int
DECLARE @secondint int
SELECT @tempint = convert(int, substring(@binaryIP,@i,1))
SELECT @firstint = floor(@tempint/16)
SELECT @secondint = @tempint - (@firstint*16)
SELECT @ipAsString = @ipAsString + substring(@hexstring, @firstint+1, 1) + substring(@hexstring, @secondint+1, 1)
IF (@i % 2 = 0)
SELECT @ipAsString = @ipAsString + ':'
SELECT @i = @i + 1
END
END
-- Return the result of the function
RETURN @ipAsString
END
GO
如果5字节为0,我认为它是IPv4地址。这是一个安全的假设吗?是否更好地检查所有剩余的零字节还是有更好的方法?
编辑删除了不必要的演员
答案 0 :(得分:5)
我会说你也应该存储地址族,要么在字节数组中编码,要么作为单独的列编码。如果将16个字节传递给IPAddress构造函数,它将构造为IPv6地址,因此您还需要检查代码以确定地址族。看起来更容易(并且不依赖于关于IPv6地址的字节的假设)来直接保存这些信息。
或者使用varbinary(16),然后可以检查(length = 4 =&gt; IPv4地址)的长度