在C中嵌入Python:链接时出错 - 对PyString_AsString的未定义引用

时间:2016-04-10 13:52:36

标签: python c python-3.x python-internals python-embedding

我正在尝试在C程序中嵌入一个python程序。我的操作系统是Ubuntu 14.04

我尝试在相同的C代码库(作为单独的应用程序)中嵌入python 2.7和python 3.4解释器。编译和链接在嵌入python 2.7时有用,但不适用于python 3.4。它在链接器阶段失败。

这是我的C代码(只是一个非真实代码的例子)

simple.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <Python.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pFunc, *pValue;
    char module[] = "get_version";
    char func[] = "get_version";
    char module_path[] = ".";

    Py_Initialize();
    PyObject *sys_path = PySys_GetObject("path");
    PyList_Append(sys_path, PyUnicode_FromString(module_path));

    pName = PyUnicode_FromString(module);
    pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    Py_DECREF(pName);

    if(pModule != NULL)
    {
        pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, func);
        if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc))
        {
            pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
            if (pValue != NULL) {
                printf("Python version: %s\n", PyString_AsString(pValue));
                Py_DECREF(pValue);
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(pFunc);
                Py_DECREF(pModule);
                PyErr_Print();
                fprintf(stderr,"Call failed\n");
                return 1;
            }
        }
    }

    Py_Finalize();
    return 0;
}

get_version.py

import sys

def get_version():
    version = '.'.join(str(v) for v in sys.version_info[:3])
    print("version: ", version)
    return version

我使用gcc编译程序。首先将编译和链接标志设置为python 2.7,然后使用以下命令运行编译和链接:

gcc `python-config --cflags` simple.c `python-config --ldflags`

标志展开为:

python-config --cflags: -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/python2.7 -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes

python-config --ldflags: -L/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -lpython2.7 -Xlinker -export-dynamic -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions

它没有任何问题,工作正常。当我尝试用python3.4标志编译它时,它失败了:

gcc `python3-config --cflags` simple.c `python3-config --ldflags`

标志展开为:

python-config --cflags: -I/usr/include/python3.4m -I/usr/include/python3.4m -Wno-unused-result -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes

python-config --ldflags: -L/usr/lib/python3.4/config-3.4m-x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib -lpython3.4m -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -Xlinker -export-dynamic -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions

错误讯息:

simple.c: In function ‘main’:
simple.c:27:17: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyString_AsString’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
                 printf("Python version: %s\n", PyString_AsString(pValue));
                 ^
simple.c:27:17: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat=]
/tmp/ccaoMdTo.o: In function `main':
/home/vagrant/c_python_api/simple.c:27: undefined reference to `PyString_AsString'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

我试过改变指定链接器对象的顺序。但没有运气。知道为什么会这样吗?

感谢您的帮助!!

0 个答案:

没有答案