我在Windows XP SP3上运行Python 2.6.1。我的IDE是PyCharm 1.0-Beta 2 build PY-96.1055。
我将.py文件存储在名为“src”的目录中;除了顶部的“__init__.py
”属性外,它有一个__author__
文件为空。
其中一个叫做Matrix.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
"Core Python Programming" chapter 6.
A simple Matrix class that allows addition and multiplication
"""
__author__ = 'Michael'
__credits__ = []
__version__ = "1.0"
__maintainer__ = "Michael"
__status__ = "Development"
class Matrix(object):
"""
exercise 6.16: MxN matrix addition and multiplication
"""
def __init__(self, rows, cols, values = []):
self.rows = rows
self.cols = cols
self.matrix = values
def show(self):
""" display matrix"""
print '['
for i in range(0, self.rows):
print '(',
for j in range(0, self.cols-1):
print self.matrix[i][j], ',',
print self.matrix[i][self.cols-1], ')'
print ']'
def get(self, row, col):
return self.matrix[row][col]
def set(self, row, col, value):
self.matrix[row][col] = value
def rows(self):
return self.rows
def cols(self):
return self.cols
def add(self, other):
result = []
for i in range(0, self.rows):
row = []
for j in range(0, self.cols):
row.append(self.matrix[i][j] + other.get(i, j))
result.append(row)
return Matrix(self.rows, self.cols, result)
def mul(self, other):
result = []
for i in range(0, self.rows):
row = []
for j in range(0, other.cols):
sum = 0
for k in range(0, self.cols):
sum += self.matrix[i][k]*other.get(k,j)
row.append(sum)
result.append(row)
return Matrix(self.rows, other.cols, result)
def __cmp__(self, other):
"""
deep equals between two matricies
first check rows, then cols, then values
"""
if self.rows != other.rows:
return self.rows.cmp(other.rows)
if self.cols != other.cols:
return self.cols.cmp(other.cols)
for i in range(0, self.rows):
for j in range(0, self.cols):
if self.matrix[i][j] != other.get(i,j):
return self.matrix[i][j] == (other.get(i,j))
return True # if you get here, it means size and values are equal
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = Matrix(3, 3, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
b = Matrix(3, 3, [[6, 5, 4], [1, 1, 1], [2, 1, 0]])
c = Matrix(3, 3, [[2, 0, 0], [0, 2, 0], [0, 0, 2]])
a.show()
b.show()
c.show()
a.add(b).show()
a.mul(c).show()
我创建了一个名为“test”的新目录,除了顶部的“__init__.py
”属性外,该文件还有一个空__author__
文件。我创建了一个MatrixTest.py来组合我的Matrix类:
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Unit test case for Matrix class
See http://jaynes.colorado.edu/PythonGuidelines.html#module_formatting for Python coding guidelines
"""
import unittest #use my unittestfp instead for floating point
from src import Matrix # Matrix class to be tested
__author__ = 'Michael'
__credits__ = []
__license__ = "GPL"
__version__ = "1.0"
__maintainer__ = "Michael"
__status__ = "Development"
class MatrixTest(unittest.TestCase):
"""Unit tests for Matrix class"""
def setUp(self):
self.a = Matrix.Matrix(3, 3, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
self.b = Matrix.Matrix(3, 3, [[6, 5, 4], [1, 1, 1], [2, 1, 0]])
self.c = Matrix.Matrix(3, 3, [[2, 0, 0], [0, 2, 0], [0, 0, 2]])
def testAdd(self):
expected = Matrix.Matrix(3, 3, [[7, 7, 7], [5, 6, 7], [9, 9, 9]]) # need to learn how to write equals for Matrix
self.a.add(self.b)
assert self.a == expected
if __name__ == '__main__': #run tests if called from command-line
suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestSequenceFunctions)
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
然而,当我尝试运行我的MatrixTest时,我收到了这个错误:
C:\Tools\Python-2.6.1\python.exe "C:/Documents and Settings/Michael/My Documents/Projects/Python/learning/core/test/MatrixTest.py"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Documents and Settings/Michael/My Documents/Projects/Python/learning/core/test/MatrixTest.py", line 8, in <module>
from src import Matrix # Matrix class to be tested
ImportError: No module named src
Process finished with exit code 1
我读过的所有内容都告诉我,在我的所有目录中使用 init .py都应该注意这一点。
如果有人能指出我错过了什么,我会非常感激。
我也喜欢有关开发和维护源代码和单元测试类的最佳方法的建议。我在编写Java时通常会这样做:/ src和/ test目录,下面有相同的包结构。这是“Pythonic”的想法,还是我应该考虑另一种组织方案?
更新:
感谢那些已经回答的人,以下是适合我的解决方案:
from src import Matrix # Matrix class to be tested
sys.path
作为环境变量添加到我的unittest配置中,其中./src和./test目录用分号分隔。答案 0 :(得分:17)
这是一个猜测,但我认为你需要 change your PYTHONPATH环境变量,包括src和测试目录。
在src
目录中运行程序可能一直有效,因为Python会自动将当前运行的脚本目录插入sys.path
。因此,只要您还执行驻留在src
中的脚本,导入src
中的模块就会起作用。
但是现在您正在运行来自test
的脚本,test
目录会自动添加到sys.path
,而src
则不会。{/ p>
PYTHONPATH中列出的所有目录都被添加到sys.path
,Python搜索sys.path
以查找模块。
另外,如果你说
from src import Matrix
然后Matrix
会引用该软件包,您需要说Matrix.Matrix
才能访问该类。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
关于最佳做法,PycURL使用与主要源代码处于同一级别的tests
目录。另一方面,Twisted或sorl-thumbnail等项目在主要源代码下使用test(s)
子目录。
问题的另一半已由~unutbu回答。