我目前正在重构一些遗留代码,并希望将多个if ... elseif ...语句分解为一系列实现各种策略的类。
由于我必须访问原始对象的内部,我将把新类声明为嵌套类;因为外部世界没有人应该访问它们,我宁愿在私人范围内宣布它们。
为了尽可能少地公开实现细节,我想知道是否可以只在头文件中转发声明基本策略类,并将所有子类声明放在实现文件中。代码示例如下:
- 头文件
class MyUglyClass
{
private:
class IStrategyBase;
IStrategyBase* sPtr;
// class ActualImplementation; // this is what I'd like to avoid
// class YetAnotherImplementation; // as above
// blah blah blah
};
- 实施档案
class MyUglyClass::IStrategyBase
{
virtual ResultType DoSomething(SomeType someParameter) = 0;
// could expose some MyUglyClass members, since
// derived classes wouldn't inherit friendship
};
class ActualImplementation: public MyUglyClass::IStrategyBase
{
ResultType DoSomething(SomeType someParameter) override
{
// Do actual work
}
}
class YetAnotherImplementation: public MyUglyClass::IStrategyBase
{
ResultType DoSomething(SomeType someParameter) override
{
// Doing something really tricky & clever for corner cases
}
}
当然编译器抱怨因为IStrategyBase
无法访问;我可以通过fwd声明ActualImplementation
和YetAnotherImplementation
与IStrategyBase
一起进入头文件来解决这个问题,但我宁愿避免这种情况,因为我需要更改标头需要新战略。
我也可以在公共范围内声明IStrategyBase
,但我宁愿将其保密,以避免其他人搞乱它。
当然我假设非fwd声明的子类不会继承MyUglyClass
的友谊,所以我必须公开IStrategyBase
受保护成员的相关数据。
有没有办法实现这一点我可能会失踪?
修改
感谢所有评论过的人,我意识到即使在公共范围内声明,也没有人会混淆IStrategyBase
类,因为类定义也会隐藏在实现文件中。我现在想知道的是,如果我可以使派生类访问MyUglyClass
的内部,而不必将它们与IStrategyBase
一起声明。我猜答案是“不”,因为友谊不是继承的,但也许还有一些我缺少的C ++特权。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
一种可能性(这不是pimpl成语,只是一种可访问性黑客):
class MyUglyClass
{
private:
struct Impl; // Is automatically "friend struct Impl;"
class IStrategyBase;
IStrategyBase* sPtr;
// class ActualImplementation; // this is what I'd like to avoid
// class YetAnotherImplementation; // as above
// blah blah blah
};
class MyUglyClass::IStrategyBase
{
public:
virtual int DoSomething(int someParameter) = 0;
// could expose some MyUglyClass members, since
// derived classes wouldn't inherit friendship
};
struct MyUglyClass::Impl
{
class ActualImplementation: public MyUglyClass::IStrategyBase
{
int DoSomething(int someParameter) override
{ (void) someParameter; return 1;}
};
class YetAnotherImplementation: public MyUglyClass::IStrategyBase
{
int DoSomething(int someParameter) override
{ (void) someParameter; return 2; }
};
};
int main() {}
答案 1 :(得分:2)
如果你想隐藏任何细节,你可以使用pImpl idiom(指向实现的指针)又名不透明指针https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaque_pointer所以你可以改变你的代码
- 头文件
#include <memory>
class MyUglyClass
{
MyUglyClass();
~MyUglyClass(); // destructor must be only declared to avoid problems
// with deleting just forwarded inner class
private:
class Impl;
std::unique_ptr<Impl> pImpl;
};
- 实施档案
class MyUglyClass::Impl
{
class IStrategyBase;
IStrategyBase* sPtr;
class ActualImplementation; // now these classes safely hidden inside .cpp
class YetAnotherImplementation; // Nobody can reach them.
};
class MyUglyClass::Impl::IStrategyBase
{
virtual ResultType DoSomething(SomeType someParameter) = 0;
// could expose some MyUglyClass members, since
// derived classes wouldn't inherit friendship
};
class ActualImplementation: public MyUglyClass::Impl::IStrategyBase
{
ResultType DoSomething(SomeType someParameter) override
{
// Do actual work
}
};
class YetAnotherImplementation: public MyUglyClass::Impl::IStrategyBase
{
ResultType DoSomething(SomeType someParameter) override
{
// Doing something really tricky & clever for corner cases
}
};
MyUglyClass::MyUglyClass() : pImpl(new Impl()) {}
MyUglyClass::~MyUglyClass() {} // let the unique_ptr do its work