我有很多“模型”对象,其属性被定义为“只读”并在各种组件之间共享。
在某些情况下,我需要创建对象的本地可变副本(将它们用于本地可变状态)
我宁愿不实现NSMutableCopy协议,因为对象在创建后应该是不可变的。修改后的对象可以在复制+变异操作后“传递”。
是否有建议的机制,或者我应该只实现接收“已更改”参数的构造函数?
例如,将JSON解析为本机类型的对象:
@interface ImmutableObject : NSObject
// various "readonly" properties
...
-(instancetype)initWithJSON:(NSDictionary *)jsonDictionary;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) MyClass1 *prop1;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) MyClass2 *prop2;
...
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray<MyClass100 *> *prop100;
@end
@implementation
-(instancetype)initWithJSON:(NSDictionary *)jsonDictionary {
self = [super init];
[self parseDictionaryToNative:jsonDictionary];
return self;
}
@end
代码中的某处:
ImmutableObject *mutated = [immutableObject mutableCopy]; // best way to accomplish this?
// change some values...
mutated.prop1 = ... // change the value to something new
self.state = [mutated copy]; // save the new object
答案 0 :(得分:1)
请注意means <- apply(df1, 2, mean)
sds <- apply(df1, 2, sd)
df1Rescaled <- data.frame(t(t(t(t(df1) - means)) / sds))
,NSMutableArray
等与其不可变对应的类不同。因此,在这种情况下,您可能应该定义一个NSMutableData
类,其接口与MutableObject
类相同(但具有可变属性),如果您想拥有一个可变对象,请使用它。
ImmutableObject
MutableObject *mutated = [immutableObject mutableCopy]; // create an instance of MutableObject
mutated.prop1 = ... // change the value to something new
self.state = [mutated copy]; // creates an ImmutableObject
ImmutableObject's
的实施可能类似于:
mutableCopy
和- (MutableObject *) mutableCopy
{
MutableObject *instance = [MutableObject new];
instance.prop1 = [self.prop1 copy]; // depends what you want here and what kind of class the properties are... do you need a deep copy? that might be a bit more work.
// etc...
return instance;
}
MutableObject's
方法可能如下所示:
copy
你没有被迫正式使用- (ImmutableObject *) copy
{
ImmutableObject *instance = [ImmutableObject new];
instance.prop1 = [self.prop1 copy];
// etc...
return instance;
}
协议,但你可以。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
@spinalwrap是正确的,但在这种情况下,没有理由在存储之前创建额外的副本。 NSMutableArray
是NSArray
的子类,因此可以在任何可以使用NSArray
的地方使用(这很常见)。你的相同。在您的特定情况下,您可能会这样做:
MutableObject *mutated = [immutableObject mutableCopy]; // create an instance of MutableObject
mutated.prop1 = ... // change the value to something new
self.state = mutated; // Since `state` is an immutable type,
// attempts to mutate this later will be compiler errors
这是安全的,因为您知道这个代码块是唯一一个引用该对象的可变版本的块(因为您在此处创建了它)。
也就是说,一旦你创建了一个可变子类,你现在需要考虑你传递的任何ImmutableObject
可能实际上是MutableObject
的可能性,因此制作防御性副本(就像已完成NSArray
,NSString
等。例如:
- (void)cacheObject:(ImmutableObject *)object {
// Need to copy here because object might really be a MutableObject
[self.cache addObject:[object copy]];
}
通过在copy
和ImmutableObject
上实施return self
,并在copy
上实施MutableObject
作为实际副本,通过以下方式提高效率:
ImmutableObject.m
- (ImmutableObject *)copy {
return self;
}
MutableObject.m
// as in spinalwrap's example
- (MutableObject *)mutableCopy {
MutableObject *instance = [MutableObject new];
instance.prop1 = [self.prop1 copy]; // depends what you want here and what kind of class the properties are... do you need a deep copy? that might be a bit more work.
// etc...
return instance;
}
// No need to duplicate code here. Just declare it immutable;
// no one else has a pointer to it
- (ImmutableObject *)copy {
return (ImmutableObject *)[self mutableCopy];
}
因此,如果对象已经是不可变的,那么副本几乎是免费的。我说“相当有效”,因为它仍然会导致一些永不变异的可变对象的不必要副本。 Swift用于值类型的写时复制系统专门用于处理ObjC中的这个问题。但以上是ObjC中的常见模式。