如何使用变量启动Java对象?

时间:2016-04-01 20:58:02

标签: java object dynamic instance

我正在尝试发起一个对象"有理数"存储分子p,分母q及其比率r。此代码产生错误的答案。

class Rational { 
    int p, q;
    double ratio;

    public Rational(){
        this.p = 0;
        this.q = 1;
        this.ratio = this.p/(double)(this.q);
    }

    public static void main (String[]arg)  {
        Rational r1 = new Rational();

        r1.p = 1;  
        r1.q = 7;
        // r1.ratio = r1.p/(double)(r1.q);    //"this line"
        System.out.println (r1.p  + "/" + r1.q + " = " + r1.ratio) ;
    }
}

取消注释"此行"解决了这个问题。如何定义对象,以便每次更改this.rthis.pthis.q都会自动更新?

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

在我看来,更简单的方法是定义一个名为ratio的函数,而不是变量。

class Rational { 
private int p, q;


public Rational(){
  this.p = 0;
  this.q = 1;
}

public double ratio(){
  return (double)p/(double)q;
}

//define the getters and setters for p and q
}

然后,只要你想要比率,你应该调用方法: myRational.ratio()

答案 1 :(得分:3)

在大多数情况下,最好的选择是使类Rational不可变,这样您就不必处理不一致的状态,并且在状态发生变化时不需要添加逻辑来更新派生字段。也就是说,你想要另一个Rational吗?只是构建它。期。它看起来像这样:

class Rational { 
  final int p;
  final int q;
  final double ratio;

  public Rational(int p, int q){
    this.p = p;
    this.q = q;
    this.ratio = this.p/(double)(this.q);
  }

  public static void main (String[]arg)  {
    Rational r1 = new Rational(1, 7);
    System.out.println (r1.p  + "/" + r1.q + " = " + r1.ratio) ;
  }
}

Bonus,您可以将字段设为私有字段并使用getter公开它们,以获得更加封装的设计。

答案 2 :(得分:2)

通过将此构造函数添加到Rational类:

public Rational(int p, int q){
this.p = p;
this.q = q;
this.ratio = this.p/(double)(this.q);
}

答案 3 :(得分:2)

class Rational { 
    int p; 
    int q;
    double ratio;

    public Rational(){
        this.p = 0;
        this.q = 1;
        this.ratio = this.p/(double)(this.q);
    }

    public void setP(int p) {
        this.p = p;
        this.ratio = this.p/(double)(this.q);
    }   

    public void setQ(int q) {
        this.q = q;
        this.ratio = this.p/(double)(this.q);
    }   


    public static void main (String[]arg)  {
        Rational r1 = new Rational();

        r1.setP(1);  
        r1.setQ(7);
        System.out.println (r1.p  + "/" + r1.q + " = " + r1.ratio) ;
    }
}

答案 4 :(得分:1)

您应该添加一个更新它们的方法,例如

public void Update(int p, int q)
{
    this.p = p;
    this.q = q;
    this.ratio = p/q;
}

您必须在现在更改p和q值的地方调用它并删除这两行。 这应该解决它:)

答案 5 :(得分:1)

在设置p和q后你没有更新你的比率变量,因此比率保持为0.你应该使用封装。

应该是这样的:

class Rational { 

    private int p, q;
    private double ratio;

    public Rational(){
        this.p = 0;
        this.q = 1;
        updateRatio();
    }

    private updateRatio() {
       ratio = p / (double)q;
    }

    public setQ(int q){
       this.q =q;
       updateRatio();
    }

    public getQ(){
       return q;
    }

//make getters and setters for variable p too

    public getRatio(){
        return ratio;
    }

    public static void main (String[]arg)  {
        Rational r1 = new Rational();

        r1.setQ(1);
        r1.setP(7);
        System.out.println (r1.getQ()  + "/" + r1.getP() + " = " + r1.getRatio()) ;
    }
}