如何制作一个“固定链接”详细信息页面,在Google App Engine webapp2留言板教程中显示两个图像

时间:2016-03-28 22:45:35

标签: python google-app-engine google-cloud-datastore webapp2 blobstore

我正在关注Google App Engine tutorial(这是他们的complete demo code on GitHub)并希望:

    发布问候语时,
  1. 允许留言簿用户上传额外图片以及“头像”。这可以称为“其他
  2. 发布问候语后,将用户重定向到问候详细信息页面,其中包含 / greeting / numeric-id 等网址,而不是列出所有问候的主页。
  3. 使用名为detail.html的Jinja2模板
  4. 使用图片显示 详细信息页面
  5. 我无法理解:

    A)如何编写问候语发布时调用的重定向代码,以便重定向到 / greeting / numeric-id 等网址。

    B)如何编写用户重定向到的详细信息视图和模板页面,以便显示问候ID 图像

    这是一个显示我想要做的事情的图表:

    enter image description here

    这是 guestbook.py

    import os
    import urllib
    from google.appengine.api import images
    from google.appengine.api import users
    from google.appengine.ext import ndb
    from google.appengine.ext.webapp import blobstore_handlers
    from google.appengine.ext import blobstore
    import jinja2
    import webapp2
    
    JINJA_ENVIRONMENT = jinja2.Environment(
        loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(os.path.dirname(__file__)),
        extensions=['jinja2.ext.autoescape'],
        autoescape=True)
    
    DEFAULT_GUESTBOOK_NAME = 'default_guestbook'
    
    def guestbook_key(guestbook_name=None):
        """Constructs a Datastore key for a Guestbook entity with name."""
        return ndb.Key('Guestbook', guestbook_name or 'default_guestbook')
    
    class Author(ndb.Model):
        """Sub model for representing an author."""
        identity = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=False)
        email = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=False)
    
    class Greeting(ndb.Model):
        """A model for representing an individual Greeting entry."""
        author = ndb.StructuredProperty(Author)
        date = ndb.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True)
        avatar = ndb.BlobProperty(indexed=False, required=True)
        other = ndb.BlobProperty(indexed=False, required=True)
    
    class MainPage(webapp2.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            self.response.out.write('<html><body>')
            guestbook_name = self.request.get('guestbook_name')
    
            greetings = Greeting.query(
                ancestor=guestbook_key(guestbook_name)) \
                .order(-Greeting.date) \
                .fetch(10)
    
            self.response.out.write("""
                  <form action="/sign?%s"
                        enctype="multipart/form-data"
                        method="post">
                    <label>Avatar:</label>
                    <input type="file" name="avatar"/><br>
                    <label>Other Image:</label>
                    <input type="file" name="other"/><br>
                    <input type="submit" value="Submit">
                  </form>
                </body>
              </html>""" % (urllib.urlencode({'guestbook_name': guestbook_name})))
    
    class Image(webapp2.RequestHandler):
        """ Handle image stored as blobs of bytes. 
            No idea how the template knows to select a particular one. """
        def get(self):
            avatar_greeting_key = ndb.Key(urlsafe=self.request.get('avatar_id'))
            other_greeting_key = ndb.Key(urlsafe=self.request.get('other_id'))
            avatar_greeting = avatar_greeting_key.get()
            other_greeting = other_greeting_key.get()
            if avatar_greeting.avatar:
                self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'image/png'
                self.response.out.write(avatar_greeting.avatar)
            elif other_greeting.other:
                self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'image/png'
                self.response.out.write(other_greeting.other)
            else:
                self.response.out.write('No image')
    
    class Guestbook(webapp2.RequestHandler):
        def post(self):
            guestbook_name = self.request.get('guestbook_name',
                                              DEFAULT_GUESTBOOK_NAME)
            greeting = Greeting(parent=guestbook_key(guestbook_name))
    
            if users.get_current_user():
                greeting.author = Author(
                        identity=users.get_current_user().user_id(),
                        email=users.get_current_user().email())
    
            avatar = self.request.get('avatar')
            avatar = images.resize(avatar, 100, 100)  
            other = self.request.get('other')
            other = images.resize(other, 400, 300)  
    
            greeting.avatar = avatar
            greeting.other = other
    
            greeting.put()
    
            query_params = {'guestbook_name': guestbook_name}
            self.redirect('/greeting/%d' % greeting.key.id())
    
    class Detail(webapp2.RequestHandler):
        """ Individual greeting. """
        def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
            guestbook_name = self.request.get('guestbook_name', DEFAULT_GUESTBOOK_NAME)
    
            greeting = Greeting.get_by_id(args[0],
                                              parent=guestbook_key(guestbook_name))
    
            template_values = {
                'greeting': greeting,
            }
    
            template = JINJA_ENVIRONMENT.get_template('detail.html')
            self.response.write(template.render(template_values))
    
    
    app = webapp2.WSGIApplication([
        ('/', MainPage),
        ('/img', Image),
        ('/sign', Guestbook),
        ('/greeting/(\d+)', Detail),
        ], debug=True)
    

    我的 detail.html 模板:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    {% autoescape true %}
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>Greeting {{ greeting.id }}</title>
      </head>
      <body>
        <h2>Greeting {{ greeting.id }}</h2>
            Avatar: <img src="/img?avatar_id={{ greeting.key.urlsafe() }}">
            <br>
            Other: <img src="/img?other_id={{ greeting.key.urlsafe() }}">
      </body>
    </html>
    {% endautoescape %}
    

    我的 app.yaml ,以防它有用:

    runtime: python27
    api_version: 1
    threadsafe: true
    
    # Handlers match in order, put above the default handler.
    handlers:
    - url: /stylesheets
      static_dir: stylesheets
    
    - url: /.*
      script: guestbook.app
    
    libraries:
    - name: webapp2
      version: latest
    - name: jinja2
      version: latest
    

    错误:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 1535, in __call__
        rv = self.handle_exception(request, response, e)
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 1529, in __call__
        rv = self.router.dispatch(request, response)
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 1278, in default_dispatcher
        return route.handler_adapter(request, response)
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 1102, in __call__
        return handler.dispatch()
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 572, in dispatch
        return self.handle_exception(e, self.app.debug)
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 570, in dispatch
        return method(*args, **kwargs)
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/guestbook/guestbook.py", line 111, in get
        self.response.write(template.render(template_values))
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/lib/jinja2-2.6/jinja2/environment.py", line 894, in render
        return self.environment.handle_exception(exc_info, True)
      File "/Users/simon/Projects/guestbook/detail.html", line 9, in top-level template code
        Avatar: <img src="/img?avatar_id={{ greeting.key.urlsafe() }}">
    UndefinedError: 'None' has no attribute 'key'
    

    非常感谢任何帮助,甚至更好的示例代码。 GAE / webapp2博客教程包含详细的示例代码和列​​表视图和模板,但是GAE BlobStore的数据结构可能不适合博客吗?

    更新 如果我添加在Dan的答案中提供的python检查代码,我得到500错误而不是堆栈跟踪,如果我尝试模板检查,我得到一个空白的问候页面。我用我的完整代码和解释我想要做的图表更新了这个问题。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我将从B开始:

该错误表示greeting值为None,导致在模板呈现期间jinja2尝试在greeting.key中展开{{ greeting.key.urlsafe() }}时出现异常。

一个选项是重新安排处理程序代码,以防止在不满足必要条件时呈现该模板,可能是这样的:

    ...
    greeting = Greeting.get_by_id(args[0])

    if not greeting or not isinstance(greeting.key, ndb.Key):
        # can't render that template, invalid greeting.key.urlsafe()
        webapp2.abort(500)  
        return

    template_values = {
        'greeting': greeting,
    }

    template = JINJA_ENVIRONMENT.get_template('detail.html')
    self.response.write(template.render(template_values))
    ...

或者你可以用适当的检查来包装引用变量的模板区域(恕我直言,更难和更脆弱,tho-python比jinja2更适合这种逻辑),这些都是这样的:

{% if greeting and greeting.key %}<img src="/img?avatar_img_id={{ greeting.key.urlsafe() }}">{% endif %}

现在到A

简而言之 - 这不是一个好主意,主要是因为您尝试在网址中使用的数字ID是不唯一,除了同一个父实体下的问候语!。这在某种程度上解释了为什么问候无效导致B答案出错。

greeting = Greeting.get_by_id(args[0])将返回None,除非您还创建了一个问候实体,其中包含您传递的ID args[0]没有父级!

为了通过ID获取您创建的问候语:

    greeting = Greeting(parent=guestbook_key(guestbook_name))

你需要打电话:

    greeting = Greeting.get_by_id(args[0],
                                  parent=guestbook_key(guestbook_name))

如果你想继续朝着同一个方向,你也可以在问候语URL中对guestbook_name进行编码,这样你就可以获得所需的父键,也许就是这样:

/guestbook/<guestbook_name>/greeting/<numeric-id>.

您还需要仔细查看图像处理。您有架构不一致性:在图表和模型中,您同时将头像和另一个图像附加到单个问候实体,但在Image处理程序中,每个图像都附加到单独的问候语。处理程序也根本不映射到图像的URL(根据架构决策,还需要对定位适当图像所需的数据进行额外编码)。

在你完成所有工作之前,我担心你还有很多工作要做,而不仅仅是适合单个SO问题。退一步,重新思考你的架构,将它分成更小的部分,一次只关注一个部分并开始运行。熟悉各种技术后,您可以立即更好地解决整个问题。