我遇到了复杂要求的问题,我希望能在解决这个问题上得到一些帮助。我的SQL知识非常基础,我不知道如何解决这个问题。目前,我有一个Events
表,其结构如下:
ID | Name | Time | Event Type
----------------------------------------------------------
133000 | Elise | 2016-02-17 06:39:42.000 | Arrival
133000 | Elise | 2016-02-18 06:20:22.000 | Arrival
133000 | Elise | 2016-02-18 20:43:46.000 | Departure
133020 | Elise | 2016-02-19 06:29:46.000 | Arrival
133445 | Peter | 2016-02-01 20:09:00.000 | Departure
133445 | Peter | 2016-02-02 06:32:02.000 | Arrival
133445 | Peter | 2016-02-02 17:03:04.000 | Departure
133445 | Peter | 2016-02-02 19:44:06.000 | Arrival
133445 | Peter | 2016-02-02 19:56:56.000 | Departure
现在,我希望以某种方式查询此数据,以便以这种方式构建:
ID | Name | Arrival | Departure
----------------------------------------------------------
133000 | Elise | 2016-02-17 06:39:42.000 | NULL
133000 | Elise | 2016-02-18 06:20:22.000 | 2016-02-18 20:43:46.000
133000 | Elise | 2016-02-19 06:29:46.000 | NULL
133445 | Peter | NULL | 2016-02-01 20:09:00.000
133445 | Peter | 2016-02-02 06:32:02.000 | 2016-02-02 17:03:04.000
133445 | Peter | 2016-02-02 19:44:06.000 | 2016-02-02 19:56:56.000
换句话说,我有两个新列:Arrival
和Departure
。然后,对于表格中的每个人,按时间顺序应用以下逻辑:
Event Type
为Arrival
,则应将其映射到Time
列中Arrival
值的新行。Event Type
为Departure
,请检查上一行是否也是Departure
。如果是,则应将其映射到Time
列中Departure
值为Arrival
的新行,Time
为空。如果没有,只需将Departure
值转移到上一行的*{margin:0;}
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列即可。 最好是通过SQL查询来完成,但函数也可以。我正在使用MS SQL Server。谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您可以通过各种方式执行此操作。一种方法是lead()
,但您需要小心:
select id, name, time as Arrival,
(case when next_eventtype = 'Departure' then next_time end) as Departure
from (select e.*,
lead(time) over (partition by id order by time) as next_time,
lead(eventtype) over (partition by id order by time) as next_eventtype,
from events e
) e
where eventtype = 'Arrival';
lead()
在SQL Server 2012+中可用。在早期版本中,您将改为使用apply
。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
如果您的数据始终具有正确数量的到达行,Gordon Linoff的解决方案可能更好,但如果数据被破坏,您可能需要使用row_number执行更复杂的欺骗,类似这样的事情:
select
Name,
max(case when [Event Type] = 'Arrival' then Time end) as Arrival,
max(case when [Event Type] = 'Departure' then Time end) as Departure
from (
select case when [Event Type] = 'Departure' and lag([Event Type]) over (partition by Name order by [Time] asc) = 'Arrival' then RN -1 else RN end as RN2, *
from (
select row_number() over (partition by Name order by [Time]) as RN, *
from yourtable
) X
) Y
group by Name, RN2
order by Name, Arrival, Departure
这将为所有行分配一个行号,如果该行是离开,而前一行是到达,它将从行号中扣除一个 - >这些行将具有相同的编号。然后使用该数字对数据进行分组,因此所有孤立行将单独显示。