为了帮助进行单元测试,我们在委托中包含了DateTime
类,以便在单元测试中覆盖DateTime.Now
。
public static class SystemTime
{
#region Static Fields
public static Func<DateTime> Now = () => DateTime.Now;
#endregion
}
以下是在xunit单元测试中使用它的一个示例:
[Fact]
public void it_should_update_the_last_accessed_timestamp_on_an_entry()
{
// Arrange
var service = this.CreateClassUnderTest();
var expectedTimestamp = SystemTime.Now();
SystemTime.Now = () => expectedTimestamp;
// Act
service.UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp(this._testEntry);
// Assert
Assert.Equal(expectedTimestamp, this._testEntry.LastAccessedOn);
}
测试在本地运行正常,但是在我们的构建服务器上失败,因为Assert
语句中的日期时间不同。
我很难想到它会失败的原因,因为DateTime
是通过上面提到的委托包装器嘲笑的。我已经验证了UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp
方法的实现没有问题,并且测试在本地运行时通过。
不幸的是我无法在我们的构建服务器上调试它。任何想法为什么它只会在构建服务器上运行时失败?
请注意UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp
的实施如下:
public void UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp(Entry entry)
{
entry.LastAccessedOn = SystemTime.Now();
this._unitOfWork.Entries.Update(entry);
this._unitOfWork.Save();
}
Entry
类只是一个简单的POCO类,它包含许多字段,包括LastAccessedOn
字段:
public class Entry
{
public DateTime LastAccessedOn { get; set; }
//other fields that have left out to keep the example concise
}
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您的问题可能是由于多个单元测试与static SystemTime
一起使用。例如,如果你有类似的东西:
单元测试1
[Fact]
public void it_should_update_the_last_accessed_timestamp_on_an_entry()
{
// Arrange
var service = this.CreateClassUnderTest();
var expectedTimestamp = SystemTime.Now();
SystemTime.Now = () => expectedTimestamp;
// Act
service.UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp(this._testEntry);
// Assert
Assert.Equal(expectedTimestamp, this._testEntry.LastAccessedOn);
}
public void UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp(Entry entry)
{
entry.LastAccessedOn = SystemTime.Now();
this._unitOfWork.Entries.Update(entry);
this._unitOfWork.Save();
}
单元测试2
[Fact]
public void do_something_different
{
SystemTime.Now = () => DateTime.Now;
}
因此,让我们假设单元测试2(它的整体)在单元测试1的行之间触发:
SystemTime.Now = () => expectedTimestamp;
// Unit test 2 starts execution here
// Act
service.UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp(this._testEntry);
如果出现这种情况,那么您的UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp
不会(必然)拥有您在DateTime
设置的预期SystemTime.Now = () => expectedTimestamp;
值,因为另一项测试已覆盖您的功能已从单元测试1提供。
这就是为什么我认为你最好不要将DateTime
作为参数传递,或者使用注射日期时间如下:
/// <summary>
/// Injectable DateTime interface, should be used to ensure date specific logic is more testable
/// </summary>
public interface IDateTime
{
/// <summary>
/// Current Data time
/// </summary>
DateTime Now { get; }
}
/// <summary>
/// DateTime.Now - use as concrete implementation
/// </summary>
public class SystemDateTime : IDateTime
{
/// <summary>
/// DateTime.Now
/// </summary>
public DateTime Now { get { return DateTime.Now; } }
}
/// <summary>
/// DateTime - used to unit testing functionality around DateTime.Now (externalizes dependency on DateTime.Now
/// </summary>
public class MockSystemDateTime : IDateTime
{
private readonly DateTime MockedDateTime;
/// <summary>
/// Take in mocked DateTime for use in testing
/// </summary>
/// <param name="mockedDateTime"></param>
public MockSystemDateTime(DateTime mockedDateTime)
{
this.MockedDateTime = mockedDateTime;
}
/// <summary>
/// DateTime passed from constructor
/// </summary>
public DateTime Now { get { return MockedDateTime; } }
}
使用此方案,您的服务类可能会改变(例如):
public class Service
{
public Service() { }
public void UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp(Entry entry)
{
entry.LastAccessedOn = SystemTime.Now();
this._unitOfWork.Entries.Update(entry);
this._unitOfWork.Save();
}
}
对此:
public class Service
{
private readonly IDateTime _iDateTime;
public Service(IDateTime iDateTime)
{
if (iDateTime == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(iDateTime));
// or you could new up the concrete implementation of SystemDateTime if not provided
_iDateTime = iDateTime;
}
public void UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp(Entry entry)
{
entry.LastAccessedOn = _iDateTime.Now;
this._unitOfWork.Entries.Update(entry);
this._unitOfWork.Save();
}
}
对于Service
的实际实施,你可能会像(或使用IOC容器)那样新的:
Service service = new Service(new SystemDateTime());
对于测试,您可以使用模拟框架,也可以使用Mock类:
Service service = new Service(new MockDateTime(new DateTime(2000, 1, 1)));
您的单元测试可能会变成:
[Fact]
public void it_should_update_the_last_accessed_timestamp_on_an_entry()
{
// Arrange
MockDateTime mockDateTime = new MockDateTime(new DateTime 2000, 1, 1);
var service = this.CreateClassUnderTest(mockDateTime);
// Act
service.UpdateLastAccessedTimestamp(this._testEntry);
// Assert
Assert.Equal(mockDateTime.Now, this._testEntry.LastAccessedOn);
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
你很幸运,它在当地工作。要使其正常工作,您必须存储服务获取其上次访问数据时间的位置,并检查返回的时间。此时,本地计算机的速度足够快,可以在DataTime.Now上同时返回2次,而构建服务器则没有。