我正在尝试通过python访问OpenMPI的共享库，但出于某种原因我收到以下错误消息：
[Geo00433:01196] mca: base: component_find: unable to open /usr/li/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_paffinity_hwloc: perhaps a missing symbol, or compiled for a different version of Open MPI? (ignored)
[Geo00433:01196] mca: base: component_find: unable to open /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_carto_auto_detect: perhaps a missing symbol, or compiled for a different version of Open MPI? (ignored)
[Geo00433:01196] mca: base: component_find: unable to open /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_carto_file: perhaps a missing symbol, or compiled for a different version of Open MPI? (ignored)
[Geo00433:01196] mca: base: component_find: unable to open /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_shmem_mmap: perhaps a missing symbol, or compiled for a different version of Open MPI? (ignored)
[Geo00433:01196] mca: base: component_find: unable to open /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_shmem_posix: perhaps a missing symbol, or compiled for a different version of Open MPI? (ignored)
[Geo00433:01196] mca: base: component_find: unable to open /usr/lib/openmpi/lib/openmpi/mca_shmem_sysv: perhaps a missing symbol, or compiled for a different version of Open MPI? (ignored)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
It looks like opal_init failed for some reason; your parallel process is
likely to abort. There are many reasons that a parallel process can
fail during opal_init; some of which are due to configuration or
environment problems. This failure appears to be an internal failure;
here is some additional information (which may only be relevant to an
Open MPI developer):
opal_shmem_base_select failed
--> Returned value -1 instead of OPAL_SUCCESS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Geo00433:01196] [[INVALID],INVALID] ORTE_ERROR_LOG: Error in file runtime/orte_init.c at line 79
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
It looks like MPI_INIT failed for some reason; your parallel process is
likely to abort. There are many reasons that a parallel process can
fail during MPI_INIT; some of which are due to configuration or environment
problems. This failure appears to be an internal failure; here is some
additional information (which may only be relevant to an Open MPI
developer):
ompi_mpi_init: orte_init failed
--> Returned "Error" (-1) instead of "Success" (0)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** An error occurred in MPI_Init
*** on a NULL communicator
*** MPI_ERRORS_ARE_FATAL: your MPI job will now abort
[Geo00433:1196] Local abort before MPI_INIT completed successfully; not able to aggregate error messages, and not able to guarantee that all other processes were killed!
有什么理由是什么原因？我已经检查了很多网页，但不知何故找不到我的问题的解决方案。
我安装了Ubuntu 15.10和mpich以及open-mpi。
非常感谢你们！
答案 0 :(得分：4)
即使只安装了Open MPI，我在Ubuntu 16.04上也遇到了同样的问题（或者在错误信息上略有不同）。据我所知，Ubuntu的mpi4py软件包是如何构建的，但我不确定究竟是什么。
复制：由于这个问题并没有完全清楚错误信息是如何产生的（我没有编辑它的声誉），所以我就是这样做的。首先，安装Ubuntu的mpi4py软件包，然后进入python环境：
$ sudo apt-get install mpi
$ python
在python中，尝试以下方法：
>>> from mpi4py import MPI
然后您应该收到类似OP的错误消息。
解决方案：以下是我的工作方式。首先卸载Ubuntu的软件包：
$ sudo apt-get remove mpi4py
然后安装Open MPI标题（下一步涉及构建mpi4py）和pip：
$ sudo apt-get install libopenmpi-dev python-pip
最后安装mpi4py：
$ sudo pip install mpi4py
如果您尝试上面的python命令，它现在应该可以正常工作。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
正如Hristo Iliev指出的那样，错误信息确实与不同的.so文件有关。 在编译我使用的程序时，编译器在我的Linux机器上找到了“错误的”OpenMPI，即通过使用OpenMPI明确指定，问题就解决了。
感谢您的帮助！
答案 2 :(得分：0)
当我使用带有SWIG的自己包装的MPI的python接口时，我也遇到了类似的错误。如上所述，此错误可能与同一台计算机上的不同版本的MPI实现（例如计算机上的OpenMPI和MPICH）有关。
我通过编译和安装新版本的MPICH解决了这个问题。然后更改.bashrc中的环境变量并使用新的mpicxx或mpicc编译我自己的程序。错误会消失。
答案 3 :(得分：0)
尝试在Ubuntu 16.04 LTS上使用mpi4py时出现类似错误。 在我的情况下，错误与 mpicc包装器不在我的搜索路径中的事实有关。
我为解决问题所做的是以下
$ sudo pip uninstall mpi4py
$ mpicc
$ sudo env MPICC = / path / to / mpicc pip install mpi4py
之后错误消息消失了，我可以用python运行MPI
答案 4 :(得分：0)
首先尝试卸载您的mpi4py
>>> pip uninstall mpi4py
然后
>>> conda install mpi4py