稍微运动有困难, 假设我有:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int factorialFinder(int x) {
if (x==1) {
return 1;
}else{
return x*factorialFinder(x-1);
}
}
int main()
{
cout << factorialFinder(5) << endl;
}
你会如何追踪这个? 例如:
Put in 5 into the factorialFinder function.
if (5 == 1) (False, so skip)
returns 5 times factorialFinder(5-1)
this means returns 5 times factorialFinder(4)
this means go back to function
if (4 == 1) (False, so skip)
returns 4 times factorialFinder(4-1)
...etc.
现在,如果你遵循我的逻辑,我的问题就在我最后的陈述中
returns 4 times factorialFinder(4-1)
它返回4还是返回20,因为它首先乘以5 * 4。
抱歉,我无法理解这一点以及为什么会这样。 请尝试以某种方式解释我的逻辑。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
为了深入理解任何代码的工作原理,您可以打印应用程序运行的步骤
例如:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int factorialFinder(int x) {
cout << "f: " << x << endl;
if (x==1) {
cout << "return 1" << endl;
return 1;
}else{
const int res = x*factorialFinder(x-1);
cout << "return " << res << endl;
return res;
}
}
int main()
{
cout << factorialFinder(5) << endl;
}
输出是:
f: 5
f: 4
f: 3
f: 2
f: 1
return 1
return 2
return 6
return 24
return 120
120
答案 1 :(得分:2)
生成跟踪的一种方法是检测代码,添加跟踪输出语句。为此创建一些支持是个好主意。如,
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
auto operator*( int const n, string const& s )
-> string
{
string result;
for( int i = 1; i <= n; ++i ) { result += s; }
return result;
}
class Tracer
{
private:
std::string callspec_;
std::string result_;
auto call_level()
-> int&
{
static int the_level;
return the_level;
}
static auto indent() -> string { return ". "; }
public:
template< class Value >
auto result( Value v )
-> Value
{
result_ = to_string( v );
return v;
}
~Tracer()
{
--call_level();
clog << "<- " << call_level()*indent() << callspec_;
if( not result_.empty() )
{
clog << " returns " << result_;
}
clog << endl;
}
Tracer( string funcname )
: callspec_( move( funcname ) )
{
clog << "-> " << call_level()*indent() << callspec_ << endl;
++call_level();
}
};
auto factorial( int const x )
-> int
{
Tracer trace( "factorial " + to_string( x ) );
return trace.result( x == 1? 1 : x*factorial( x - 1 ) );
}
auto main() -> int
{
cout << factorial( 5 ) << endl;
}
结果:
-> factorial 5 -> . factorial 4 -> . . factorial 3 -> . . . factorial 2 -> . . . . factorial 1 <- . . . . factorial 1 returns 1 <- . . . factorial 2 returns 2 <- . . factorial 3 returns 6 <- . factorial 4 returns 24 <- factorial 5 returns 120 120
然而,只需使用调试器来逐步执行代码,就可以获得更少的工作。