C# - 将属性值从一个实例复制到另一个实例,不同的类

时间:2010-08-31 16:03:49

标签: c# reflection properties mapping

我有两个C#类,它们具有许多相同的属性(按名称和类型)。我希望能够将Defect的实例中的所有非空值复制到DefectViewModel的实例中。我希望使用GetType().GetProperties()进行反射。我尝试了以下方法:

var defect = new Defect();
var defectViewModel = new DefectViewModel();

PropertyInfo[] defectProperties = defect.GetType().GetProperties();
IEnumerable<string> viewModelPropertyNames =
    defectViewModel.GetType().GetProperties().Select(property => property.Name);

IEnumerable<PropertyInfo> propertiesToCopy =
    defectProperties.Where(defectProperty =>
        viewModelPropertyNames.Contains(defectProperty.Name)
    );

foreach (PropertyInfo defectProperty in propertiesToCopy)
{
    var defectValue = defectProperty.GetValue(defect, null) as string;
    if (null == defectValue)
    {
        continue;
    }
    // "System.Reflection.TargetException: Object does not match target type":
    defectProperty.SetValue(viewModel, defectValue, null);
}

最好的方法是什么?我应该维护Defect属性和DefectViewModel属性的单独列表,以便我可以viewModelProperty.SetValue(viewModel, defectValue, null)吗?

修改:感谢Jordão'sDave's个答案,我选择了AutoMapper。 DefectViewModel位于WPF应用程序中,因此我添加了以下App构造函数:

public App()
{
    Mapper.CreateMap<Defect, DefectViewModel>()
        .ForMember("PropertyOnlyInViewModel", options => options.Ignore())
        .ForMember("AnotherPropertyOnlyInViewModel", options => options.Ignore())
        .ForAllMembers(memberConfigExpr =>
            memberConfigExpr.Condition(resContext =>
                resContext.SourceType.Equals(typeof(string)) &&
                !resContext.IsSourceValueNull
            )
        );
}

然后,我只是拥有以下一行,而不是所有PropertyInfo业务:

var defect = new Defect();
var defectViewModel = new DefectViewModel();
Mapper.Map<Defect, DefectViewModel>(defect, defectViewModel);

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

看看AutoMapper

答案 1 :(得分:3)

答案 2 :(得分:2)

用这个替换你的错误行:

PropertyInfo targetProperty = defectViewModel.GetType().GetProperty(defectProperty.Name);
targetProperty.SetValue(viewModel, defectValue, null);

您发布的代码正在尝试在Defect对象上设置DefectViewModel - 绑定属性。

答案 3 :(得分:2)

在组织代码方面,如果你不想要像AutoMapper这样的外部库,你可以使用mixin-like方案将代码分开,如下所示:

class Program {
  static void Main(string[] args) {
    var d = new Defect() { Category = "bug", Status = "open" };
    var m = new DefectViewModel();
    m.CopyPropertiesFrom(d);
    Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", m.Category, m.Status);
  }
}

// compositions

class Defect : MPropertyGettable {
  public string Category { get; set; }
  public string Status { get; set; }
  // ...
}

class DefectViewModel : MPropertySettable {
  public string Category { get; set; }
  public string Status { get; set; }
  // ...
}

// quasi-mixins

public interface MPropertyEnumerable { }
public static class PropertyEnumerable {
  public static IEnumerable<string> GetProperties(this MPropertyEnumerable self) {
    return self.GetType().GetProperties().Select(property => property.Name);
  }
}

public interface MPropertyGettable : MPropertyEnumerable { }
public static class PropertyGettable {
  public static object GetValue(this MPropertyGettable self, string name) {
    return self.GetType().GetProperty(name).GetValue(self, null);
  }
}

public interface MPropertySettable : MPropertyEnumerable { }
public static class PropertySettable {
  public static void SetValue<T>(this MPropertySettable self, string name, T value) {
    self.GetType().GetProperty(name).SetValue(self, value, null);
  }
  public static void CopyPropertiesFrom(this MPropertySettable self, MPropertyGettable other) {
    self.GetProperties().Intersect(other.GetProperties()).ToList().ForEach(
      property => self.SetValue(property, other.GetValue(property)));
  }
}

这样,实现属性复制的所有代码都与使用它的类分开。您只需要在其接口列表中引用mixins。

请注意,这不像AutoMapper那样强大或灵活,因为您可能希望复制具有不同名称或属性的某些子集的属性。如果属性不提供必要的getter或setter或它们的类型不同,它可能会彻底失败。但是,它仍然可能足以满足您的目的。

答案 4 :(得分:2)

这很便宜。它使用System.Web.Script.Serialization和一些扩展方法以便于使用:

public static class JSONExts
{
    public static string ToJSON(this object o)
    {
        var oSerializer = new System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer();
        return oSerializer.Serialize(o);
    }

    public static List<T> FromJSONToListOf<T>(this string jsonString)
    {
        var oSerializer = new System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer();
        return oSerializer.Deserialize<List<T>>(jsonString);
    }

    public static T FromJSONTo<T>(this string jsonString)
    {
        var oSerializer = new System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer();
        return oSerializer.Deserialize<T>(jsonString);
    }

    public static T1 ConvertViaJSON<T1>(this object o)
    {
        return o.ToJSON().FromJSONTo<T1>();
    }
}

这里有一些类似但不同的类:

public class Member
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public int Age { get; set; }
            public bool IsCitizen { get; set; }
            public DateTime? Birthday { get; set; }

            public string PetName { get; set; }
            public int PetAge { get; set; }
            public bool IsUgly { get; set; }
        }

        public class MemberV2
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public int Age { get; set; }
            public bool IsCitizen { get; set; }
            public DateTime? Birthday { get; set; }

            public string ChildName { get; set; }
            public int ChildAge { get; set; }
            public bool IsCute { get; set; }
        } 

以下是实施方法:

var memberClass1Obj = new Member {
                Name = "Steve Smith",
                Age = 25,
                IsCitizen = true,
                Birthday = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-30),
                PetName = "Rosco",
                PetAge = 4,
                IsUgly = true,
            };

            string br = "<br /><br />";
            Response.Write(memberClass1Obj.ToJSON() + br); // just to show the JSON

            var memberClass2Obj = memberClass1Obj.ConvertViaJSON<MemberV2>();
            Response.Write(memberClass2Obj.ToJSON()); // valid fields are filled

答案 5 :(得分:1)

首先,我不会将该代码(某处)放在外部但是在ViewModel的构造函数中:

class DefectViewModel
{
    public DefectViewModel(Defect source)  { ... }
}

如果这是唯一的类(或少数几个),我不会进一步自动化,但写出属性分配。自动化它看起来不错,但可能会有更多例外和特殊情况超出预期。

答案 6 :(得分:0)

你有可能让两个类都实现一个定义共享属性的接口吗?