#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <fstream>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
bool generateRandomValue()
{
static std::default_random_engine e{};
static std::uniform_int_distribution<int> d{ 0, 100 };
bool headsTails = (d(e) > 50) ? true : false;
return headsTails;
}
int main()
{
clock_t tStart = clock();
ofstream outputFile("output.txt");
int totalHeads = 0;
int totalTails = 0;
vector<int> headList(100,0);
vector<int> tailList(100,0);
for (int out = 0; out <= 100; out++)
{
char result = '\0';
int heads = 0, tails = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
result = (generateRandomValue()) ? 'H' : 'T';
if (result == 'H')
{
heads++;
}
else
{
tails++;
}
}
outputFile << "Trial " << out << ": Heads: " << heads << " Tails: " << tails << endl << endl;
headList.push_back(heads);
tailList.push_back(tails);
}
for (vector<int>::iterator i = headList.begin(); i < headList.end(); i++)
{
totalHeads += headList[*i];
totalTails += tailList[*i];
}
cout << "It took: " << (double)(clock() - tStart) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " seconds to calculate and execute this program.\n";
outputFile << "Total number of heads: " << totalHeads << " Total number of tails: " << totalTails << endl;
return 0;
}
以上是一些代码我一直在试图尝试向量(从未在课堂上使用它们)。代码在VS2015中编译,但程序崩溃时出现以下错误:&#34;矢量下标超出范围&#34;。
我认为这告诉我,在我的程序中的某个时刻,向量试图在其边界之外的位置处寻址。我还没有能够判断错误是在我的存储向量或最后一个for循环中的迭代器向量上抛出,并且调试不起作用,因为程序在它开始调试之前崩溃(很奇怪)它不是编译时错误。)
答案 0 :(得分:3)
在此代码中:
for (vector<int>::iterator i = headList.begin(); i < headList.end(); i++)
{
totalHeads += headList[*i];
totalTails += tailList[*i];
}
迭代器i
遍历headList
向量的所有元素。 *i
为您提供该值(该迭代中的头数)。您将其用作向量totalHeads
和totalHeads
的索引,这些向量错误。你的循环应该是:
for (size_t i = 0; i < headList.size(); i++)
{
totalHeads += headList[i];
totalTails += tailList[i];
}
注意:虽然这个循环:
for (vector<int>::iterator i = headList.begin(); i < headList.end(); i++)
适用于随机访问迭代器,以表格形式编写它更为常见:
for (vector<int>::iterator i = headList.begin(); i != headList.end(); ++i)
这样它也可以用于前向迭代器,你可以在不修改很多代码的情况下更改容器类型。 ++i
可以更有效,特别是对于迭代器而不是整数类型。