使用Python通过SSH隧道端口转发访问MySQL数据库

时间:2016-03-18 16:40:42

标签: python mysql sqlalchemy paramiko pexpect

我在远程服务器上安装了MySQL数据库,在访问它之前,我需要使用ssh隧道进行端口转发。没有python我通常执行下面的命令并在shell中输入我的密码。经过身份验证后,我通过连接到localhost:3306来访问mysql workbench中的数据库。我从Mac OS X El Capitan做了所有事情

ssh -L 3306:remote.database.host:3306 xxxx@xxxx.com

我现在想从Python访问数据库,这是我使用的脚本:

import pexpect
import time
import sqlalchemy as sql
from sqlalchemy.engine.url import URL

myDB = URL(drivername='mysql+pymysql', host='localhost',
database='test_db',
username='roott',
password='xxxxxx',
port=3306)

child = pexpect.spawnu('ssh -L 3306:remote.database.host:3306 xxxx@xxxx.com')
child.expect (u'password:')
child.sendline ('xxxxx')

while child.isalive():
    try:
    engine = sql.create_engine(name_or_url=myDB)
    connection = engine.connect()
    connection.close()
    break
finally:
    child.close()

上面的脚本给出了以下错误:

sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (pymysql.err.OperationalError) (2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' ([Errno 61] Connection refused)")

我也尝试过使用sshtunnelforwarder,在Python - SSH Tunnel Setup and MySQL DB Access引用jsjc的解决方案,它也不起作用。

from sshtunnel import SSHTunnelForwarder
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.engine.url import URL

with SSHTunnelForwarder(('ssh_host', 22),
                    ssh_username='xxxxx',
                    ssh_pkey='/path/to/key/file',
                    local_bind_address=('127.0.0.1', 3306),
                    remote_bind_address=('127.0.0.1', 3306)) as server:


myDB = URL(drivername='mysql+pymysql', host='127.0.0.1',
           database='test_db',
           username='roott',
           password='xxxxx',
           port=3306
           )

engine = create_engine(name_or_url=myDB)
connection = engine.connect()    
connection.close()

我将以下信息记录到控制台中,没有任何反应,它只是挂在那里,我必须手动杀死该程序。

DEBUG:paramiko.transport:starting thread (client mode): 0xbe25940
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:Local version/idstring: SSH-2.0-paramiko_1.16.0
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:Remote version/idstring: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.2
INFO:paramiko.transport:Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_6.2)
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:........
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:Kex agreed: diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:Cipher agreed: aes128-ctr
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:MAC agreed: hmac-sha2-256
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:Compression agreed: none
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:kex engine KexGroup1 specified hash_algo <built-in function openssl_sha1>
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:Switch to new keys ...
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:Attempting public-key auth...
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:userauth is OK
INFO:paramiko.transport:Auth banner: b'Amazon Linux AMI release 2014.09\nKernel \\r on an \\m\n'
INFO:paramiko.transport:Authentication continues...
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:Methods: ['password']
DEBUG:paramiko.transport:[chan 0] Max packet in: 32768 bytes
WARNING:paramiko.transport:Oops, unhandled type 3

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

这是我之前遇到过的一个问题。问题是当使用localhost作为数据库服务器时,驱动程序坚持连接到本地unix套接字而不是使用指定端口通过loopback接口连接。

解决方法是将数据库服务器更改为除 localhost之外的。这将导致驱动程序使用您指定的服务器/端口,而不是尝试连接到本地套接字。

myDB = URL(drivername='mysql+pymysql', host='127.0.0.1', ...)
myDB = URL(drivername='mysql+pymysql', host='your.ip.add.ress', ...)
myDB = URL(drivername='mysql+pymysql', host='your.hostname', ...)

答案 1 :(得分:0)

Idk如果OP已解决问题(已经3年了,所以我希望如此),但是我的解决方案非常简单。我只需要在“ with”子句中缩进myDB,引擎和连接定义。否则,ssh隧道将在您有机会连接到数据库之前关闭:

with SSHTunnelForwarder(('ipforsshing', sshport), ssh_username='sshuser', ssh_pkey='privatekeypath', local_bind_address=('127.0.0.1', 3305), remote_bind_address=('127.0.0.1', 3306)) as server:
    adcrawl_db = URL(drivername='mysql+pymysql', host='127.0.0.1', database='dbname', username='dbusername',password='dbpassword', port=3305)

    engine = create_engine(name_or_url=adcrawl_db)
    connection = engine.connect()
    print("CONNECTED!")
    connection.close()

希望这对以后的所有人都有帮助。